What is care ethics?
A practical reflection on what is good in unique care situations.
To which historical figure does medical ethics trace its origins?
Hippocrates.
What did Hippocrates' oath prescribe for physicians?
What they should seek and refrain from doing.
How does Paul Ricoeur define medical ethics?
As practical wisdom weighing values, rights, rules, circumstances, and patient wishes.
What does ethics question in decision-making?
The values involved in a decision.
What does morality consist of within a culture?
Judgments governing what is permitted and forbidden.
What does law define regarding permitted and forbidden actions?
The boundaries of what is permitted and forbidden.
What does professional deontology specify?
General rules for a profession.
What does ethics reflect on according to Paul Ricoeur?
Concrete situations.
Who discussed the distinction between law, deontology, and ethics in Lectures 1, 1999?
Paul Ricoeur.
What defines an ethical dilemma in decision-making?
Conflicting goods or duties with no single best rule.
What conflict arises in health-data sharing?
Collective benefit versus individual liberty and confidentiality.
What ethical conflict occurs during pandemic confinement?
Protecting vulnerable people versus prioritizing personal freedom.
What is nursing deontology?
The professional set of general duties applying in all circumstances, in the French Public Health Code.
What does Article R4312-3 require nurses to respect?
Human life, dignity, and privacy of patients, families, and relatives, including after death.
What does Article R4312-5 impose on every nurse?
Professional secrecy under conditions established by law.
What does Article R4312-14 require regarding patient consent?
Free and informed consent in every case.
What must nurses respect after explaining consequences according to Article R4312-14?
An informed patient's refusal of care.
What does Article R4312-12 require after care acceptance?
Continuity of care.
When can nurses refuse care under Article R4312-12?
For professional or personal reasons outside emergencies or breaches of humanity duties if patient is protected and redirected.
What does ethical decision-making consider in care situations?
The concrete situation.
What is balanced in a cell of advice?
Several viewpoints.
Who are included in Ricoeur's practical wisdom?
The caregiver, the patient, and the care context.
In which year was the Nuremberg Code established?
1947
What does the first principle of the Nuremberg Code require from human subjects?
Voluntary consent free from force, fraud, constraint, or coercion
Who must be legally capable according to the first principle of the Nuremberg Code?
The human subject giving consent
What does Article 4 of the Nuremberg Code require for therapeutic experiments?
Avoidance of unnecessary physical and mental suffering and damage
What is the ethical core of the caregiver-patient relationship according to Paul Ricoeur?
Respect, dignity, and equity
According to Paul Ricoeur, what is the caregiver-patient relationship not based on?
A commercial or instrumental relationship
When was the French National Consultative Ethics Committee created?
On 23 February 1983.
What does the CCNE produce regarding ethical issues?
Opinions and reports.
What roles does the CCNE have in public ethical debates?
It organizes public debates before certain ethical reforms.
Who composes the CCNE?
A president, 39 members appointed for four years, and honorary presidents.
What does French law guarantee about the CCNE's composition?
Pluralism and multidisciplinarity.
What does virtue ethics seek between extremes?
The appropriate mean by developing moral qualities.
What does deontological ethics emphasize?
Universal duties and principles.
What does teleological ethics evaluate?
The consequences of an action.
What is the goal of utilitarianism?
To minimize pain and maximize pleasure or well-being.
Which principles did the 1978 Belmont Report formulate?
Respect for persons' autonomy, beneficence, and justice.
Which report formulated respect for autonomy, beneficence, and justice in 1978?
The Belmont Report by the Commission nationale pour la protection des sujets humains dans la recherche.
What does the ethics of care emphasize?
Relationships, vulnerability, interdependence, attention, mutual aid, and responsibility toward vulnerable people.
Who is associated with the ethics of care?
Carol Gilligan.
What is bioethics according to Van Rensselaer Potter?
Ethical reflection on technology, patient demands, medical ethics, and society's ethical vision.
In which year were the first French bioethics laws enacted?
1994
What did the 1994 French bioethics laws establish?
Major ethical orientations for medical practice and biomedical research.
What law established patients' rights on 4 March 2002?
The Kouchner law
Name one patient right strengthened by the Kouchner law of 2002.
Right to free and informed consent.
What does the hospitalized patient charter affirm about patient choice?
Freedom to choose a health establishment.
According to the hospitalized patient charter, what is affirmed about patient privacy?
Preservation of intimacy during care.
What right regarding health information does the hospitalized patient charter guarantee?
Direct access to health information.
Test your knowledge with 25 questions on Foundations of Care Ethics.
1. What does care ethics evaluate in a specific care situation?
2. How does medical ethics guide decisions in patient care?
Review the complete course in the study sheet for Foundations of Care Ethics.
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