Fundamentals of Cell Structure and Division

Revision sheet excerpt

Course Outline

  1. Cell discovery and microscope
  2. Cell membrane and osmosis
  3. Nucleus, DNA and chromosomes
  4. Ribosomes, ER and Golgi apparatus
  5. Lysosomes, mitochondria and plastids
  6. Cell division: mitosis and meiosis

1. Cell discovery and microscope

Key Concepts & Definitions

  • Cell : A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life where all living activities begin.
  • Limit of resolution of human eye : The limit of resolution is the smallest separation a human eye can distinguish as two distinct points.
  • Light microscope : A light microscope uses an objective lens and eyepiece to magnify objects viewed under visible light.
  • Electron microscope : An electron microscope forms highly magnified images using a beam of electrons to reveal nanometre-scale details.

Essential Points

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Quiz preview

1. What happens to potato cells when they are placed in salt or sugar solution for about an hour?

2. What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

3. Which plastid type is colourless and mainly stores starch, oils, or proteins?

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Flashcards preview

Cell discovery — who?

Robert Hooke observed cells in 1665.

Microscope types — two?

Light and electron microscopes.

Cell membrane — role?

Protects cell and controls substance passage.

Osmosis — mechanism?

Water diffuses across a membrane from dilute to concentrated.

Nucleus — function?

Houses DNA and controls cell activities.

Chromatin vs chromosomes — difference?

Chromatin is uncondensed DNA; chromosomes are condensed during division.

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The quiz contains 12 multiple-choice questions with detailed corrections and explanations for each answer. Ideal for testing your knowledge and identifying gaps.

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