Flashcards: Genetic Translation and Protein Synthesis — 20 cards

Genes — definition?

Sequences of nucleotides on DNA.

DNA — location?

Located in the nucleus.

RNA — role?

Messenger carrying genetic info from DNA.

Uracil — function?

Base in RNA replacing thymine.

Transcription — definition?

Synthesis of mRNA from DNA in nucleus.

mRNA — role?

Carries genetic info from nucleus to ribosome.

RNA polymerase — function?

Enzyme that synthesizes mRNA during transcription.

Stop codons — examples?

UAA, UAG, UGA do not code amino acids.

Genetic code — definition?

Mapping of mRNA triplets to amino acids.

Codon — role?

Specifies an amino acid or stop signal.

Start codon — sequence?

AUG, codes for methionine.

Stop codons — examples?

UAA, UAG, UGA, signal translation end.

Translation machinery — role?

Synthesizes proteins from mRNA templates.

Ribosome — structure?

Made of proteins and rRNA, with small and large subunits.

tRNA — function?

Transfers amino acids and recognizes mRNA codons.

Polyribosome — purpose?

Multiple ribosomes translating the same mRNA simultaneously.

Translation stages — sequence?

Initiation, elongation, termination.

Protein folding — process?

Polypeptide folds into functional structure.

Start codon — role?

Signals the beginning of translation.

Stop codons — examples?

UAA, UAG, UGA stop translation.