What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
The cell.
What does cell theory state about the organization of life?
Life is organized at the cellular level.
According to cell theory, how are organismal functions explained?
Through cells.
What are all living organisms composed of?
One or more cells.
From what does every cell arise?
From a pre-existing cell.
Who observed compartments in cork and named them cells in 1665?
Robert Hooke
In which year did Robert Hooke name compartments in cork cells?
1665
Who showed that plants are made of cells in the 19th century?
Matthias Schleiden
Who showed that animals are made of cells in the 19th century?
Theodor Schwann
In which century did Schleiden and Schwann show that plants and animals are made of cells?
19th century
Who proposed that every cell comes from a pre-existing cell in 1855?
Rudolf Virchow
In which year did Rudolf Virchow propose that every cell comes from a pre-existing cell?
1855
How is DNA organized in prokaryotic cells?
DNA is not enclosed within a true nucleus.
Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?
Inside a membrane-bound nucleus.
What does cell biology study in living organisms?
Cell structure, organelles, functions, division, death, and interactions.
What cellular feature does a prokaryotic organism lack?
A true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Where is DNA located in a prokaryotic organism?
In a nucleoid region.
What distinguishes a eukaryotic organism's cellular organization?
It has a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Why don't viruses belong to prokaryotic or eukaryotic groups?
Because they are not cells.
What defines a unicellular organism?
It consists of a single cell performing all essential functions.
What characterizes a multicellular organism?
It consists of many cooperating cells that specialize and organize into tissues and organs.
Which four broad groups does classical eukaryotic classification recognize?
Protozoa, fungi, metazoa, and plants.
What nutritional mode distinguishes plants from protozoa, fungi, and metazoa?
Plants are autotrophic and make their own food.
How does classical classification group organisms?
By general characteristics and level of organization.
What is the length of one micrometer in meters?
One micrometer equals meters.
What is the typical size range of bacteria in micrometers?
Bacteria are approximately 1–5 micrometers in size.
What is the size range of plant cells in micrometers?
Plant cells range from 50 to 100 micrometers in size.
What role does DNA play in modern cell biology?
DNA stores genetic information and directs cellular activities.
Which organisms are examples of prokaryotes?
Bacteria and archaea.
Which organisms are examples of eukaryotes?
Animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms.
Which organisms are typically unicellular?
Many protozoa and yeasts.
Which organisms are typically multicellular?
Animals and plants.
How much wider can a plant cell be compared to a bacterium?
A plant cell can be up to about one hundred times wider than a bacterium.
Test your knowledge with 19 questions on Cell Biology.
1. Which description best defines a cell?
2. What central idea does cell theory use to explain the organization of living organisms?
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