Knee joint articulations?
Femoro-tibial and femoro-patellar joints.
Main knee ligaments?
Anterior and posterior cruciate, collateral ligaments.
Knee stability source?
Ligaments and joint capsule.
Knee flexor muscles?
Hamstrings and gastrocnemius.
Hip flexion role?
Lifts thigh forward, greater with knee flexed.
Hip extension limits?
Limited by ischio-jambiers and ilio-femoral ligament.
Hip abduction range?
Approximately 30°, blocked by femoral neck impingement.
Hip adduction movement?
Brings leg toward midline, about 30° range.
Knee menisci movement?
Posterior during flexion, anterior during extension.
Tibio-fibular joint type?
Proximal: arthrodial, distal: amphiarthrosis.
Foot bones?
Talus, calcaneus, metatarsals, phalanges.
Plantar arches?
Internal, external, anterior arches for weight distribution.
Ankle joint movement?
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
Ankle ligament injury?
Eversion causes bimalléolar fractures.
Muscles dorsiflex foot?
Tibialis anterior.
Muscles evert foot?
Long fibular (peroneus longus).
Test your knowledge with 8 questions on Lower Limb Anatomy and Biomechanics.
1. What is the primary function of the anterior cruciate ligament in the knee?
2. Which muscle from the ischio-jambiers group acts as a knee flexor?
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