★ Must-know
📌 True vomiting is the forceful ejection of stomach or esophageal contents from the mouth, often with nausea and retching; regurgitation is effortless or nearly effortless and is not true emesis, while rumination is regurgitation with rechewing of food.
📌 Chronic recurrent vomiting generally occurs more than two episodes, with low-intensity vomiting in children who are generally not acutely ill, whereas cyclic recurrent vomiting has infrequent episodes (≤2/week) but acute severity and forceful vomiting more than 4 to 6 times/h.
Further detail
1. Which feature distinguishes true vomiting from regurgitation?
2. A child has infrequent episodes of vomiting but becomes acutely ill and vomits forcefully more than four times per hour during an episode. Which pattern best fits?
3. When beginning an evaluation of vomiting, which approach best covers the initial assessment?
What defines true vomiting by its contents and manner of ejection?
Forceful ejection of stomach or esophageal contents from the mouth.
How does regurgitation differ from true vomiting?
It is effortless or nearly effortless and is not true emesis.
What distinguishes rumination from other regurgitation?
Rumination includes rechewing regurgitated food.
How does chronic recurrent vomiting typically present in children?
It involves more than two episodes of low-intensity vomiting in children who are generally not acutely ill.
How frequent are episodes in cyclic recurrent vomiting?
Episodes occur infrequently, at most twice per week.
What should the initial evaluation of vomiting assess?
Its pattern, abdominal, respiratory, and neurologic symptoms, and diet and medication use.
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