What must be done immediately with a used needle after withdrawal?
It must be placed into a sharps container without recapping.
What does the Good Samaritan law encourage healthcare professionals to do?
Provide care within their training at an accident scene without fear of lawsuits.
What should a phlebotomist do if a patient refuses venipuncture?
Report the refusal and actions taken to the nurse or doctor immediately.
What is informed consent in medical procedures?
Permission given by a patient after being told the procedure, risks, outcomes, and alternatives.
What three components make up the chain of infection?
Source, mode of transmission, and susceptible host.
What are the five main modes of transmission of infection?
Direct or indirect contact, droplet, airborne, vehicle, and vector-borne transmission.
Name some examples of personal protective equipment (PPE).
Gloves, masks, goggles, face shields, gowns, and respirators.
What is the most important method to prevent the spread of infection?
Handwashing.
What is the preferred upper-extremity venipuncture site?
The antecubital fossa.
Which three major veins are in the antecubital fossa?
Median cubital, cephalic, and basilic veins.
How long may a tourniquet remain on a patient safely?
One minute.
What complication results from leaving a tourniquet on too long?
Hemoconcentration.
What is a hematoma in venipuncture?
Blood accumulated in tissue around a vein.
What is phlebitis?
Inflammation of a vein.
What defines thrombophlebitis?
Vein inflammation with clot formation.
How can a hematoma be prevented after venipuncture?
By applying pressure until bleeding stops.
What does pulmonary circulation carry from the right ventricle to the lungs?
Deoxygenated blood.
What type of blood returns from the lungs to the heart in pulmonary circulation?
Oxygenated blood.
From which heart chamber does systemic circulation carry oxygenated blood?
The left ventricle.
Where is the tricuspid valve located in the heart?
Between the right atrium and right ventricle.
What is another name for the mitral valve?
The bicuspid valve.
Which side of the heart contains the mitral valve?
The left side.
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.
Where are the coronary arteries located in the heart wall?
In the outer epicardium layer.
How much blood does an average adult have?
5 to 6 liters
What two main components make up blood?
Plasma and formed elements
What percentage of blood is plasma?
55 percent
What percentage of blood is formed elements?
45 percent
What percentage of plasma is water?
92 percent
What protein do erythrocytes contain?
Hemoglobin
What is an immature erythrocyte called?
Reticulocyte
How long does a normal red blood cell live?
120 days
What is the normal adult white blood cell count per microliter?
5,000–10,000 white blood cells per microliter.
Which cells protect the body against infection?
White blood cells.
What are the five types of white blood cells?
Neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils.
Which type of white blood cells comprises 40%–60% and increases during bacterial infection?
Neutrophils.
What is a key function of neutrophils?
They are phagocytic.
Which white blood cells comprise 20%–40% and increase during viral infections?
Lymphocytes.
What role do lymphocytes play in the body?
They contribute to immunity.
What are the stages of hemostasis?
Vascular, platelet, coagulation, and fibrinolysis stages.
What is a pathogen?
A disease-producing agent.
Which agents are included as pathogens?
Viruses, bacteria, rickettsiae, protozoa, parasitic worms, and fungi.
What is a host in medical terminology?
An organism with or upon which a parasite lives.
What condition is characterized by reduced normal red blood cells?
Anemia.
What does an anticoagulant do?
Prevents coagulation.
What does the hematology section study?
Formed elements of blood.
What is the function of the blood bank?
Collects, stores, and prepares blood for transfusion.
What does the microbiology section detect?
Pathogenic microorganisms.
What testing does microbiology perform to guide antibiotic therapy?
Culture and sensitivity testing.
Into which parts is the chemistry section divided?
Electrophoresis, toxicology, and immunochemistry.
What does toxicology analyze?
Plasma drug and poison levels.
Which anticoagulant is in the lavender tube?
EDTA.
What additives are in the grey and orange STAT tubes?
Grey has potassium oxalate and sodium fluoride; orange STAT has thrombin clot activator.
What is the normal blood pressure range?
90/60 to 140/90 mmHg.
What does systolic pressure represent in blood pressure?
Heart contraction.
What does diastolic pressure represent in blood pressure?
Heart relaxation.
What is the normal respiration rate per minute?
12 to 14 breaths per minute.
What is the normal pulse rate per minute?
60 to 100 beats per minute.
What is the normal body temperature range in Fahrenheit?
97.6°F to 99.6°F.
What pulse rate defines tachycardia?
Above 100 beats per minute.
What pulse rate defines bradycardia?
Below 60 beats per minute.
What is the proper order of draw for blood collection tubes?
Blood cultures, yellow, light blue, red, red-speckled or marbled, green, lavender, grey, royal blue.
What must be done to arterial blood gas specimens after collection?
They must be chilled.
How long does the sinoatrial node fire?
For 5 seconds.
How long does the atrioventricular node hold conduction?
For one tenth of a second.
What is the role of the AV bundle in cardiac conduction?
It separates conduction between atria and ventricles.
What function do Purkinje fibers serve in the heart?
They help push blood out of the ventricles.
What is the recommended maximum depth for infant microcapillary collection?
It should not exceed 2.0 mm.
Test your knowledge with 35 questions on Phlebotomy Essentials and Blood Science.
1. What should a phlebotomist do with a used needle immediately after withdrawing it from a patient?
2. At an accident scene, what does the Good Samaritan law generally encourage a healthcare professional to do?
Review the complete course in the study sheet for Phlebotomy Essentials and Blood Science.
See study sheet →Import your course and AI generates flashcards in 30 seconds.
Flashcard generator