What three aspects does health associate in an individual?
Physical, psychological, and social health.
What can a physical disease cause that a psychological disorder rarely does?
Psychological disorders and reduced social activity.
What does psychosomatic medicine study?
The interaction between somatic and psychological disorders.
When did psychosomatic medicine become an individualized medical field?
During the first half of the 20th century.
Can somatic disorders be determined partly by the psyche?
Yes, somatic disorders can be wholly or partly determined by the psyche.
How did Hans Selye define stress?
Stress is a nonspecific physiological process adapting to aggression.
What reaction does stress produce against aggression?
Stress produces a defensive reaction against aggression.
What disorders can stress be associated with?
Stress can be associated with functional and organic disorders.
What does acute stress cause according to Alexander's model?
Acute stress causes an emotional reaction with physical expression.
What disorder results from repetitive stress in Alexander's model?
Repetitive stress causes a functional physical disorder without anatomical lesion.
What does permanent stress cause in Alexander's model?
Permanent stress causes a lesional somatic disorder with anatomopathological substrate.
What distinguishes functional psychosomatic disorders?
They have no objective anatomical lesion.
What characterizes lesional psychosomatic diseases?
They have an anatomopathological substrate.
What are digestive psychosomatic manifestations?
Emotional reactions or functional disorders affecting digestion.
Which symptoms are included in digestive psychosomatic manifestations?
Vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, regurgitation, colic, and gastralgia.
How is a gastric ulcer classified in psychosomatic terms?
As a lesional psychosomatic disease with a predominant psychological factor.
Which digestive disease involves psychological factors in its etiopathogenesis?
Ulcerative colitis.
What are cardiovascular psychosomatic manifestations?
Symptoms like flushing, pallor, palpitations, angina-like neuralgia, hypotension, blood-pressure peaks, tachycardia, and bradycardia.
How are psychological factors related to myocardial infarction?
They are important and may act directly or indirectly in its development.
When do some myocardial infarctions occur related to psychological factors?
During severe stress.
Which neurological symptoms are psychosomatic manifestations?
Headaches, dizziness, neuralgia, tingling, paresthesia, hyperesthesia or hypoesthesia, myoclonia, pseudoparalysis, and pseudisensory deficits.
What role does psychology play in some inflammatory neurological diseases?
A psychological factor is involved in their etiopathogenesis.
Which dermatological conditions can be psychosomatic manifestations?
Pruritus, some urticaria cases, some hair loss, and acne.
Which skin diseases have psychological factors in their etiopathogenesis?
Alopecia, psoriasis, and vitiligo.
When does some vitiligo appear related to psychological factors?
After an emotional shock.
Which symptoms are included in urogenital psychosomatic manifestations?
They include dysuria, painful urination, pollakiuria, enuresis, impotence, frigidity, dyspareunia, and menstrual disorders.
What do constitutional factors predispose under psychological stress?
Certain organs or biological functions to dysfunction.
What types of stress factors can cause biological dysfunction?
Life events, social conflicts, family conflicts, professional conflicts, and other stressful situations.
What is the principal element in determining psychosomatic disorders?
Personality.
Which personality trait is linked to psychosomatic disorders?
General anxiety causing stress reactions.
What is required in psychosomatic assessment to exclude organic disease?
Ordering the strictest necessary complementary examinations.
What does psychosomatic assessment determine about symptom origin?
Whether the origin is psychogenic or psychological contribution to the somatic disorder.
What may psychological management include for anxious or depressive states?
Psychotropic treatment or simple tranquilization.
What types of support are included in psychological management?
Psychological support and socio-familial support.
Why may patients reject the label of functional or psychosomatic disorder?
They fear an ultimate examination has not revealed an organic cause.
Why are psychosomatic disorders difficult for conventional medicine to treat?
Because healing requires acting effectively on the patient's stress, which is almost impossible.
What explains the success of non-conventional medicines for psychosomatic disorders?
Their perceived global approach helps patients seeking treatment.
Test your knowledge with 20 questions on Stress and Psychosomatic Diseases.
1. Which combination best defines health in the biopsychosocial perspective?
2. Which pattern best describes the relationship between somatic disease and psychological functioning?
Review the complete course in the study sheet for Stress and Psychosomatic Diseases.
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