Types of Insulin: Pharmacokinetics

📋 Course Outline

1. Insulin Structure and Function
2. Insulin Preparations Types
3. Insulin Mechanism of Action
4. Thyroid Hormones Structure
5. Thyroid Disorders Types
6. Thyroid Replacement Therapy
7. Antithyroid Drugs
8. Corticosteroid Classification
9. Corticosteroid Mechanism
10. Endocrine Drug Applications
11. Patient Management Strategies
12. Emerging Endocrine Therapies

📖 1. Insulin Structure and Function

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Insulin: A peptide hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells that regulates blood glucose levels by promoting cellular uptake and storage of glucose.
• Insulin Structure: Composed of 51 amino acids arranged in two chains (A and B) linked by disulfide bonds, essential for receptor binding.
• Insulin Receptor: A transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that, upon insulin binding, activates intracellular signaling pathways to facilitate glucose transport.
• Glucose Transporter (GLUT4): A protein that translocates to the cell membrane in response to insulin, enabling glucose entry into muscle and adipose cells.
• Insulin Action: Facilitates glycogen synthesis, lipogenesis, and inhibits gluconeogenesis and lipolysis, maintaining glucose homeostasis.

📝 Essential Points