Flashcards: Understanding Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases — 24 cards

AKI phases — definition?

Induction, extension, maintenance, recovery.

AKI grading — basis?

Blood creatinine levels.

Urine output sub-grading — distinguishes?

Non-oligoanuric from oligoanuric AKI.

Prerenal AKI — cause?

Hypoperfusion without parenchymal damage.

Intrinsic AKI — cause?

Parenchymal damage from ischemia or toxins.

Postrenal AKI — cause?

Urinary tract obstruction.

AKI biomarkers — delay?

Up to 72 hours after injury.

Clinical signs in severe AKI?

Gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, neurologic symptoms.

Laboratory findings in AKI?

Increased BUN, creatinine, phosphorus.

Fluid therapy goal in AKI?

Maintain hydration, support organs.

CKD staging — frequency?

Every 3-4 months.

CKD therapy — include?

Diet, dialysis, supportive care.

GN — key diagnostic tool?

Renal biopsy.

Nephrotic syndrome — signs?

Hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia.

Genetic renal disease in cats?

PKD, especially in Persians.

FLUTD management — main strategy?

Diet and stress reduction.

Urinary retention — causes?

Structural or functional issues.

Urinary incontinence — common cause?

Sphincter mechanism incompetence.

Urethral obstruction — emergency?

Yes, life-threatening if untreated.

Obstruction treatment — first step?

Relieve via catheterization or surgery.

Glomerulonephritis — treatment?

Anti-proteinuric drugs, immunosuppressants.

CKD management — long-term?

Diet, dialysis, monitoring.

Urolithiasis — diagnosis tools?

Imaging, urinalysis.

Uroliths — prevention?

Diet, hydration, regular monitoring.