★ Must-know
Thoracic vertebrae number 12 in humans and 13 in dogs and cats, articulate with the ribs, and have limited flexion.
Lumbar vertebrae number five in humans and seven in dogs and cats, are large and weight-bearing, and permit the greatest range of flexion and extension.
📌 Sacral vertebrae are fused into the sacrum and connect the spine to the pelvic girdle, whereas caudal or coccygeal vertebrae are highly variable and form the tail in non-human mammals.
Further detail
Cervical → thoracic → lumbar → sacral → caudal
1. What is the primary role of the seven cervical vertebrae in humans, dogs, and cats?
2. Which spinal region contains the largest vertebrae and permits the greatest range of flexion and extension?
3. Which bones belong to the appendicular skeleton of a horse?
How many cervical vertebrae do humans, dogs, and cats have?
Seven cervical vertebrae.
What is the function of sacral vertebrae in mammals?
They are fused into the sacrum and connect the spine to the pelvic girdle.
Which bones does the axial skeleton include in horses?
Neck vertebrae, ribs, and back vertebrae.
What is the anatomical equivalent of the horse carpal joint in humans?
The wrist.
What is cortical bone's main mechanical function?
It provides resistance to bending forces.
What process occurs in bone marrow involving blood cells?
Hematopoiesis, the formation of red and white blood cells and platelets.
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