What is the cell in the body?
The basic structural and functional unit.
Which organelles are major parts of a cell?
Mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes.
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
It selectively controls the entry and exit of substances.
How do integral proteins differ from peripheral proteins in the membrane?
Integral proteins are embedded within the lipid bilayer, peripheral proteins are attached without penetrating it.
Cell components - key organelles
Mitochondria, ribosomes, ER, Golgi, lysosomes.
Cell membrane - protein types
Integral proteins embedded; peripheral proteins attached.
Transport - simple diffusion
Molecules cross membrane down concentration gradient without energy.
Osmosis definition
Water diffuses toward higher solute concentration.
Facilitated diffusion
Passive; requires carrier proteins, no energy.
Active vs passive transport
Active moves against gradient, requires energy; passive does not.
Endocytosis versus exocytosis
Endocytosis imports; exocytosis exports large particles or fluids.
Test your knowledge with 9 questions on Mechanisms of Disease.
1. Concerning the basic structural and functional unit of the body, which statement(s) is(are) correct?
2. The major organelles of a typical cell include:
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