★ Must-know
📌 Alcohols are primary, secondary, or tertiary depending on the position of the hydroxyl group.
Further detail
📌 Alcohols are less volatile than alkanes because alcohols have hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces, whereas alkanes have only van der Waals forces.
Alcohols hydrogen-bond with water, whereas alkanes only experience van der Waals forces.
1. Which structural feature defines an alcohol in organic chemistry?
2. How is an alcohol classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary?
3. Why can many alcohols dissolve in water?
What general formula represents alcohols?
CnH2n+1OH
How are alcohols classified by hydroxyl group position?
Primary, secondary, or tertiary
Why are alcohols polar and water soluble?
Because oxygen can hydrogen-bond with water
What are the products of alcohol combustion in air?
Carbon dioxide and water.
What happens to the –OH group in alcohols during nucleophilic substitution with halogenating agents?
It is replaced by a halogen.
To what do primary alcohols oxidise first?
Aldehydes.
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