What are the four major biomolecules that make up life?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
What function do carbohydrates provide besides short-term energy?
Structure.
What functions do lipids provide in the body?
Long-term energy, warmth, and cushioning.
Which biomolecule stores genetic information used to build proteins?
Nucleic acids.
Which elements do carbohydrates and lipids contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Which elements do proteins contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Which elements do nucleic acids contain?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
What is a monomer in molecular biology?
A single building block that makes up a larger molecule.
What defines a polymer in terms of monomers?
A molecule made of many monomers joined together.
Which monomer forms polysaccharides?
Monosaccharides.
Which monomer forms polypeptides?
Amino acids.
Which monomer forms nucleic acids?
Nucleotides.
Which monomers form triglycerides?
Fatty acids plus glycerol.
What are carbohydrates used for in the body?
Short-term energy and structure.
What is the carbon-to-hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio in carbohydrates?
1:2:1.
Name three monosaccharides found in carbohydrates.
Glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Name three polysaccharides found in carbohydrates.
Cellulose, starch, and glycogen.
What components make up a triglyceride?
Three fatty acids and one glycerol.
How do saturated and unsaturated fatty acids differ in bonding?
Saturated have single bonds; unsaturated have one or more double bonds between carbons.
What roles do proteins play in the body?
They help develop muscles, support the immune system, and act as enzymes.
What is a polypeptide?
A chain of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.
What type of bond joins amino acids together?
Peptide bond.
What differs among the 20 amino acids used in human proteins?
Their R group.
What do nucleic acids store in cells?
Genetic information.
What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
How many strands does DNA have compared to RNA?
DNA has two strands, RNA has one strand.
Which sugar is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Deoxyribose sugar is found in DNA.
Which bases pair together in DNA?
Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.
How are DNA base pairs written symbolically?
They are written as A-T and G-C.
Which bases pair in RNA?
Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with uracil in RNA.
How are RNA base pairs written?
They are written as A-T and G-U.
What process joins monomers to form polymers by removing water?
Dehydration synthesis.
What process breaks polymers into monomers by adding water?
Hydrolysis.
What element must an organic compound contain?
Carbon.
What are the main types of lipids?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
Answer 23 questions on Biomolecules Study Guide.
1. What elemental ratio is characteristic of carbohydrates?
2. Which element distinguishes proteins from carbohydrates and lipids in their typical elemental composition?
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