★ Must-know
Friedrich Miescher first discovered DNA in 1869, isolating a phosphorus-containing material from white blood cell nuclei in pus and naming it “nuclein.”
Griffith mixed heat-killed virulent bacteria with nonvirulent bacteria; some nonvirulent cells became virulent, and the injected mice died of pneumonia. - F. Griffith, 1928
Further detail
1. Researchers heat-kill virulent bacteria, mix them with nonvirulent bacteria, and inject the mixture into mice. What outcome matches Griffith’s transformation experiment?
2. What did Hershey and Chase’s 1952 T2 phage blender experiment establish about viral DNA?
3. A molecule contains a sugar and a nitrogenous base but no phosphate group; what is it classified as?
Which author and year are associated with Griffith’s bacterial transformation experiment?
F. Griffith, 1928.
What happened to nonvirulent bacteria mixed with heat-killed virulent bacteria in Griffith’s experiment?
Some nonvirulent cells became virulent.
Which experiment established that viral DNA enters bacteria and supports new viral particle synthesis?
The Hershey and Chase “Blender experiment,” 1952.
What components make up a nucleoside?
A sugar and a base.
What distinguishes a nucleotide from a nucleoside?
A nucleotide has one or more phosphate groups.
Which sugar group can receive a new base during DNA strand growth?
The sugar’s 3′-OH.
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