What does entrepreneurship involve?
Identifying profitable opportunities and organising resources to produce and market goods or services.
Which factors influence choosing a suitable small-scale product?
Customer demand, skills, resources, location, suppliers, product quality, and profitability.
What is required for efficient production of quality products?
Suitable equipment, reliable raw materials, effective storage, skilled labour, planning, and quality control.
What are typical start-up needs for a home-based business?
Equipment, space for stock, electricity, administrative facilities, capital, and initial stock.
Which materials are used in sustainable production practices?
Leftover materials, recycled paper, solar energy, and local raw materials.
What does a marketing plan organise using the 5P strategy?
The production and marketing of a product.
What are the aims of advertising?
To inform consumers, persuade them to buy, remind them, and create consumer appeal.
How can consumer appeal be created in advertisements?
By using phrases like “FREE DELIVERY” and custom design offers.
What is the income from selling 100 cups at R17,00 each?
R1,700.00
What is the production cost of 100 cups at R10,20 each?
R1,020.00
How is a product's selling price with mark-up calculated?
By adding the mark-up percentage of the production cost to the production cost.
What does a cash-flow projection record?
Expected income and expenses over time.
What does a cash-flow projection allow you to identify?
Fluctuations and possible financial problems.
What does a use-by date indicate on food?
The last date a food should be consumed safely.
Why do allergens appear on food labels?
To warn consumers about ingredients causing allergic reactions.
How do food labels protect consumers?
By providing allergens, origin, ingredients, instructions, and date stamps.
What nutritional information does the tuna label list per 100 g and 80 g?
Energy, protein, carbohydrates, fat, cholesterol, fibre, sodium, ingredients, and allergens.
How does organic farming benefit the natural environment?
By reducing synthetic chemical use, protecting biodiversity, improving soil health, and reducing pollution.
What is a negative economic impact of organic farming?
Higher production costs make organic products more expensive for consumers.
How does food irradiation increase shelf life?
By reducing microorganisms, controlling insects, delaying sprouting, and slowing ripening.
What does food security mean?
Having reliable access to adequate and safe food.
What is hypoglycaemia in terms of blood glucose levels?
An abnormally low blood glucose level.
What is hyperglycaemia in terms of blood glucose levels?
An abnormally high blood glucose level.
How do low-glycaemic-index foods affect glucose release?
They release glucose more slowly.
What benefit do low-glycaemic-index foods provide for blood glucose?
They help provide better control of blood glucose levels.
What condition involves inadequate insulin action and disturbed blood glucose control?
Diabetes.
How do calcium and vitamin D help with osteoporosis?
By supporting bone formation and mineralisation.
What organ does Hepatitis A primarily affect?
The liver.
How is Hepatitis A linked to sanitation and hygiene?
It is closely linked to poor sanitation and inadequate personal hygiene.
How can E. coli be transmitted through water or food?
Through sewage-contaminated water or food.
What is a common source of E. coli contamination in food?
Eating contaminated fish or other food.
Name one cause of foodborne disease outbreaks related to food handling.
Inadequate cooking.
What role does poor hygiene play in foodborne disease outbreaks?
It contributes to outbreaks by allowing contamination.
How do preservatives extend the shelf life of food?
By inhibiting microbial growth and delaying spoilage.
What is fashion?
A style of dress or appearance accepted during a particular period.
What are the stages of the fashion cycle?
Introduction, rise, peak, decline, and obsolescence.
Which lines create the illusion of length in clothing?
Vertical lines.
Which lines create the illusion of width in clothing?
Horizontal lines.
What effect does an A-line dress have on a wide waist?
It camouflages a wide waist.
What effect does a large belt have on the waist?
It emphasises the waist.
What should workplace clothing communicate besides professionalism?
Competence, neatness, suitability, and confidence.
What factors are considered when planning a professional wardrobe?
Work environment, seasons, occasions, colour, design elements, design principles, comfort, and versatility.
How does using the Yaga app affect textile waste?
It reduces textile waste.
What benefit does buying pre-owned clothing on Yaga provide consumers?
Cheaper clothing options.
What harm does copying an original clothing design cause the designer?
It reduces sales and takes unfair advantage of their creativity.
What are the three main housing options?
Renting, building a house, and buying property including full-title and sectional-title ownership.
What does a title deed prove in housing?
Homeownership.
What is the responsibility difference between full-title and sectional-title owners?
Full-title owners handle their property’s security and maintenance; sectional-title owners share communal area responsibility through the body corporate.
What does an A+ energy rating indicate about an appliance?
It uses energy efficiently and is more environmentally friendly than less efficient appliances.
What is inflation?
A sustained increase in the general price level reducing purchasing power.
What does the consumer price index measure?
Changes in prices of a basket of consumer goods and services.
What is simple interest calculated on?
Only the original principal.
What is compound interest calculated on?
The principal plus accumulated interest.
How does an increase in interest rates affect borrowers?
It raises repayment costs and reduces disposable income.
What responsibilities do municipalities have regarding public services?
Providing basic services, controlling Covid-19 spread, improving safety, and aiding disaster recovery.
Test your knowledge with 33 questions on Consumer Studies Grade 12 Revision.
1. What does entrepreneurship involve?
2. Which consideration most directly indicates whether a proposed small-scale product is suitable for the market?
Review the complete course in the revision sheet for Consumer Studies Grade 12 Revision.
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