Physics 10th Grade - Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

• SI units: meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), joule (J), newton (N). Newton’s Second Law: $F=ma$; describes force and acceleration.
• Equations of motion for constant acceleration:
  • $v = v_0 + at$
  • $s = v_0 t + \frac{1}{2} a t^2$
  • $v^2 = v_0^2 + 2a s$
• Work done: $W=F s \cos \theta$, relates force, displacement, and angle.
• Kinetic energy: $KE=\frac{1}{2} m v^2$; potential energy: $PE= m g h$.
• Conservation of momentum: $p_{initial} = p_{final}$ in collisions.
• Universal gravitation: $F=G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$; $g=9.8\, m/s^2$.
• Wave speed: $v=f \lambda$; electromagnetic waves in vacuum travel at $3 \times 10^8\, m/s$.
• Lens formula: $\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{d_o} + \frac{1}{d_i}$; magnification: $M=\frac{h'}{h}=\frac{d_i}{d_o}$.
• Basic thermodynamics: heat transfer modes—conduction, convection, radiation.

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