Fundamentals of Biological and Physical Science

Revision sheet excerpt

Scientific Principles in Biology: Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

  • The scientific method involves observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, and conclusion.
  • SI units: meter (m), kilogram (kg), second (s), mole (mol).
  • Atomic structure: protons and neutrons nucleus; electrons orbit.
  • Atomic number = number of protons; defines element.
  • Isotopes differ in neutron count; used in medical imaging.
  • Ionic: transfer electrons; form between metals and nonmetals.
  • Covalent bonds: share electrons; can be polar or nonpolar.
  • Hydrogen bonds: weak attractions stabilizing DNA and proteins.
  • Water's high specific heat (4.18 J/g°C) buffers temperature.
  • pH scale: 0-14, acids <7, neutral =7, bases >7.
  • Buffers: maintain pH stability (e.g., bicarbonate buffer).
  • Organic molecules: carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
  • Force = mass × acceleration; work = force × distance.
  • Energy forms: kinetic, potential, chemical.
  • Thermodynamics: energy conservation and entropy increase.

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Quiz preview

1. What is the primary purpose of the scientific method in biological research?

2. What is the primary role of hydrogen bonds in biological molecules?

3. Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons between atoms?

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Flashcards preview

Atomic structure — components?

Protons, neutrons, electrons

Scientific method steps

Observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, conclusion.

Chemical bonds — types?

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen bonds

SI units for mass and length

Meter (m) and kilogram (kg).

Water properties — key feature?

High specific heat and cohesion

Atomic number — definition?

Number of protons; defines the element.

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What does the revision sheet on Fundamentals of Biological and Physical Science cover?

The revision sheet covers the essential concepts of Fundamentals of Biological and Physical Science. It is organized by topic to facilitate learning and memorization, with key definitions, explanations and summaries.

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The quiz contains 9 multiple-choice questions with detailed corrections and explanations for each answer. Ideal for testing your knowledge and identifying gaps.

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