When did the humanistic approach emerge?
In the 1950s and 1960s.
How does the humanistic approach view human behaviour?
As self-determining active agents with free will.
How do deterministic approaches explain behaviour?
As shaped by forces outside the person’s control.
What do humanistic psychologists prioritise over general laws of behaviour?
The subjective experience of the individual.
What does Maslow's hierarchy of needs propose about human needs arrangement?
They are arranged from basic needs at the bottom to higher-order needs at the top.
Who proposed the hierarchy of needs theory?
Maslow.
What are the five levels in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualisation needs.
Which levels in Maslow's hierarchy are deficiency needs?
The first four levels are deficiency needs.
Which level in Maslow's hierarchy is a being need?
Self-actualisation is a being need.
Which author distinguished deficiency needs from being needs in the hierarchy?
Maslow.
What is self-actualisation according to Maslow?
The fulfilment of a person's potential through growth, development, change, and becoming fulfilled.
What is the self-concept according to Rogers?
The way an individual sees themselves.
What does the ideal self represent?
The person an individual wants to be.
What is incongruence according to Rogers?
A state where self-concept and ideal self are not broadly equivalent.
What does incongruence prevent in an individual?
Self-actualisation and personal growth.
What does unconditional positive regard mean according to Rogers?
Accepting and loving a person regardless of their actions.
What are conditions of worth in Rogers' theory?
Limits on parental love based on specific child behaviors or achievements.
What does a fully functioning person trust according to Rogers?
Their own judgement.
How does a fully functioning person relate to experience?
They remain open to experience.
How does a fully functioning person live in time?
In the present rather than the past or future.
What does the person-centred approach focus on in therapy?
Reducing the gap between the self-concept and ideal self.
What kind of regard do person-centred therapists provide?
Unconditional positive regard.
What do person-centred therapists help clients cope with?
Everyday pressures.
What does the humanistic approach reject about behaviour?
That behaviour is fixed, doomed, or inevitably determined by external or internal forces.
What innate tendency do humanistic psychologists believe every person has?
To achieve their full potential.
Which psychologists were mainly linked to dissatisfaction leading to humanistic psychology?
Rogers, Maslow, and Kelly.
How do conditions of worth contribute to adult psychological problems?
By producing incongruence, negative self-worth, and low self-esteem.
What psychological effect does incongruence have according to Rogers?
It contributes to adult psychological problems.
What feelings result from conditions of worth impacting self-esteem?
Negative feelings of self-worth and low self-esteem.
Test your knowledge with 18 questions on Humanistic Approach in Psychology.
1. When did the humanistic approach emerge as a response to dissatisfaction with behaviourism and psychodynamic psychology?
2. How does the humanistic approach explain human behaviour differently from a deterministic approach?
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