Inorganic Ions Revision Sheet

1. 📌 Essentials

• Oxyanions are ions containing oxygen, with specific formulas and oxidation states.
• Nitrogen ions: nitrite (NO₂⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) are key in nitrogen cycling.
• Sulfur ions: sulfite (SO₃²⁻), sulfate (SO₄²⁻), and thiosulfateS₂O₃²⁻) vary in oxidation states.
• Phosphorus ions: phosphite (₃³⁻) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻) are vital in biological systems.
• Halogen oxyanions: hypochlorite (ClO⁻), chlorite (ClO₂⁻), chlorate (ClO₃⁻), perchlorate (ClO₄⁻).
• Chromium ions: chromate (CrO₄²⁻) and dichromate (Cr₂O₇²⁻) are strong oxidizers.
• Common ions: acetate (CH₃COO⁻), permanganate (MnO₄⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), cyanide (CN⁻).
• Acids: sulfuric, nitric, phosphoric, acetic acids are key in inorganic chemistry.

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components

• Oxyanions — contain oxygen atoms bonded to central element, with oxidation states varying.
• Nitrogen family ions — NO₂⁻ (nitrite), NO₃⁻ (nitrate).
• Sulfur family ions — SO₃²⁻ (sulfite), SO₄²⁻ (sulfate), S₂O₃²⁻ (thiosulfate).
• Phosphorus ions — PO₃³⁻ (phosphite), PO₄³⁻ (phosphate).
• Halogen oxyanions — ClO⁻, ClO₂⁻, ClO₃⁻, ClO₄⁻.
• Chromium ions — CrO₄²⁻ (chromate), Cr₂O₇²⁻ (dichromate).
• Other key ions — NH₄⁺ (ammonium), H₃O⁺ (hydronium), MnO₄⁻ (permanganate), CN⁻ (cyanide).

3. 🔬 Functions, Mechanisms & Relationships