At what age does Indonesian Law No. 13 of 1998 define people as older adults?
60 years or above.
What share of Indonesia’s population is aged 60 or above during its aging-population phase?
More than 10%.
What contrast defines the well-being paradox among older adults?
Physical decline can coexist with higher socioemotional quality and reported life satisfaction.
Which author identifies six developmental tasks in later life?
Havighurst.
What physical change must older adults adjust to, according to Havighurst?
Declining physical strength and health.
What financial and employment changes must older adults adjust to, according to Havighurst?
Retirement and reduced family income.
Which adulthood conflict did Erikson describe?
Generativity versus stagnation.
What can contributing to society and future generations foster in Erikson’s adulthood stage?
A feeling of usefulness.
What can failure to contribute lead to in Erikson’s adulthood stage?
Feeling stagnant and unproductive.
Which later-life conflict did Erikson describe?
Ego integrity versus despair.
What can viewing one’s life as meaningful and successful support in Erikson’s later-life stage?
Satisfaction with old age and death.
What can regret over unachieved goals lead to in Erikson’s later-life stage?
Despair.
Who proposed Socioemotional Selectivity Theory?
Laura Carstensen.
What does Socioemotional Selectivity Theory explain about social behavior in later life?
It changes as a person’s perspective on remaining time changes.
What do young people with a long perceived future tend to seek?
Knowledge, experiences, and many friendships.
What becomes the focus when people perceive their time as limited?
Emotional satisfaction.
Which authors are associated with the successful-aging concept?
John W. Rowe and Robert L. Kahn.
How does successful aging describe quality of life in older adults?
As a multidimensional balance among three components.
Which three components define successful aging in Rowe and Kahn’s model?
Avoiding disease and disability, maintaining high physical and cognitive function, and engaging actively with life.
Which authors developed the SOC model of adaptation for successful aging?
Paul Baltes and Margareth Baltes.
What do the letters in the SOC model stand for?
Selection, Optimization, and Compensation.
What does Selection mean in the SOC model?
Choosing the most important domains.
What do Optimization and Compensation mean in the SOC model?
Improving abilities in selected domains and using new methods or assistive tools to offset limitations.
Which author is associated with Activity Theory?
Robert Havighurst.
According to Activity Theory, what helps older adults remain happy?
Remaining active, maintaining social interaction, and replacing lost roles with new ones.
Which authors are associated with Disengagement Theory?
Cumming and Henry.
How does Disengagement Theory describe aging?
A gradual withdrawal from active life and social responsibilities in preparation for death.
What challenge arises when Indonesia’s large, productive older population is vulnerable?
The vulnerability of older adults presents a particular challenge.
According to Erikson, what must a person face at each developmental stage?
A crisis.
What quality did Erikson associate with successfully resolving the later-life conflict?
Wisdom.
How do older adults tend to change the size of their social circles?
They tend to reduce their size.
Which relationships do older adults tend to prioritize?
Relationships with meaningful emotional closeness.
What does avoiding disease and disability mean in the successful-aging model?
Being free of illness and having low disease-risk factors.
Answer 15 questions on Psychology of Later Life.
1. Under Indonesian Law No. 13 of 1998 and the World Health Organization’s definition, at what age does a person qualify as an older adult?
2. What demographic condition indicates that Indonesia has entered an aging-population phase?
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