Flashcard: UK Law and Justice: Principles and Challenges — 23 carte

UK Common Law — origin?

Judicial decisions, medieval England.

Rule of Law — principle?

All are subject to the law.

Parliamentary Sovereignty — role?

Supreme law-making authority in UK.

ECHR — adopted?

1950, protects fundamental rights.

Human Rights Act 1998 — purpose?

Incorporates ECHR into UK law.

Section 3 — courts?

Interpret legislation compatibly with rights.

Section 4 — courts?

Issue declarations of incompatibility.

Legal sovereignty vs judicial review?

Parliament can amend laws; courts can't invalidate primary legislation.

International law — conflict with UK law?

Can create constitutional tensions; treaties require domestic legislation.

Policing — first organized force?

Bow Street Runners, 1749.

Metropolitan Police — year?

1829, established by Peel.

Policing by consent — principle?

Police authority depends on public approval.

Institutional racism — reports?

McPherson (1999), Casey (2023).

Prison overcrowding — issue?

High inmate numbers, poor conditions.

Prison conditions — concerns?

Overcrowding, violence, poor safety.

Systemic bias — example?

Disproportionate targeting of minorities.

Anti-discrimination law — aim?

Prevent unfair treatment based on protected traits.

Equality Act 2010 — protected traits?

Race, sex, disability, religion, etc.

Deprivation of liberty — legal basis?

Prisons for punishment and detention.

Prison categories — highest security?

Category A.

Rehabilitation — purpose?

Reduce reoffending through education and therapy.

Police and Rule of Law — connection?

Police must operate within legal and constitutional limits.

Civil liberties — tension with policing?

Law enforcement balances safety and rights.