Flashcard: Fundamentals of Cell Structure and Division — 12 carte

Cell discovery — who?

Robert Hooke observed cells in 1665.

Microscope types — two?

Light and electron microscopes.

Cell membrane — role?

Protects cell and controls substance passage.

Osmosis — mechanism?

Water diffuses across a membrane from dilute to concentrated.

Nucleus — function?

Houses DNA and controls cell activities.

Chromatin vs chromosomes — difference?

Chromatin is uncondensed DNA; chromosomes are condensed during division.

Ribosomes — role?

Synthesise proteins in the cell.

Rough ER — function?

Synthesises and secretes proteins.

Mitochondria — function?

Produce ATP via cellular respiration.

Chloroplasts — role?

Carry out photosynthesis, produce sugars.

Mitosis — outcome?

Two identical daughter cells.

Meiosis — outcome?

Four genetically diverse gametes with half chromosomes.