Flashcard: Understanding Edema and Heart Failure Mechanisms — 20 carte

Ødem — causes and mechanism?

Fluid buildup due to pressure, leakage, lymph failure, or low albumin.

Hydrostatic ødem — mechanism?

Increased capillary pressure pushes fluid into tissue.

Inflammatory ødem — cause?

Increased capillary permeability due to injury or histamine.

Lymfatisk ødem — cause?

Impaired lymph drainage prevents protein-rich fluid removal.

Onkotisk ødem — cause?

Low blood protein reduces osmotic water retention.

Venstresidig hjertesvikt — symptom?

Dyspné and lungstuvning due to impaired left ventricular function.

Systolisk hjertesvikt — feature?

Reduced ejection of blood from left ventricle.

Diastolisk hjertesvikt — feature?

Impaired filling of left ventricle.

Lungestuvning — consequence?

Fluid leaks into alveoli, causing dyspné and possible edema.

ACE-hemmere — primary effect?

Reduce angiotensin II and aldosterone, lowering blood pressure.

Angiotensin II — role?

Vasoconstriction and stimulates aldosterone for fluid retention.

Aldosteron — effect?

Increases sodium and water reabsorption in kidneys.

Kronisk hjertesvikt — non-drug treatment?

Patient education, salt/fluid management, monitoring weight.

KOLS — main features?

Chronic bronchitis with mucus, and emphysema with alveolar destruction.

KOLS — chronic bronchitis?

Mucus hypersecretion and airway inflammation.

KOLS — emphysema?

Alveolar wall destruction, reduced recoil, air trapping.

Lungeemboli — cause?

Venous thrombus traveling to pulmonary arteries.

Lungeemboli — treatment?

Anticoagulation, thrombolysis, or thrombectomy if severe.

Prerenal nyresvikt — mechanism?

Reduced renal perfusion decreases filtration rate.

Renal nyresvikt — cause?

Direct damage to kidney tissue impairing function.