Flashcard: Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry in Biology — 22 carte

Carbon forms — structures?

Chains and rings of organic molecules

Carbon's unpaired electrons?

Enable four covalent bonds

Carbon bonds with?

Other carbons and atoms like H, O, N

Hydrocarbons — composed of?

Carbon and hydrogen only

Carbon bonds — types?

Single, double, triple

Organic molecules — based on?

Carbon's versatile bonding

Carbohydrates — elements?

C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio

Lipids — main feature?

Water-insoluble, hydrocarbons

Proteins — monomers?

Amino acids

Nucleic acids — building blocks?

Nucleotides

Functional groups — role?

Determine molecule reactivity

Hydroxyl group?

Makes molecules polar, hydrogen bonds

Carboxyl group?

Acts as acid, releases H+ in solution

Amino group?

Acts as base, accepts H+

Phosphate group?

Involved in energy transfer

Isomers — types?

Structural, geometric, optical

Structural isomers?

Different atom connectivity

Stereoisomers?

Same bonds, different 3D arrangement

Water reactions?

Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis

Dehydration synthesis?

Removes water to join molecules

Hydrolysis?

Uses water to break bonds

Macromolecules?

Large polymers from monomers (e.g., proteins, DNA)