Flashcards: Genetics Fundamentals and Cell Division — 12 cartões

ADN — definition?

Nucleic acid storing hereditary info.

Genetic information — role?

Carries instructions for traits via genes.

Gene — role?

Contains instructions to produce a specific protein.

DNA structure — component?

Double helix with two antiparallel strands.

Nucleotide — parts?

Phosphate, deoxyribose, nitrogen base.

Antiparallel — meaning?

Strands run in opposite 5'→3' directions.

DNA replication — process?

Copies DNA semiconservatively for cell division.

Chromosome — function?

Packages DNA and carries genes.

Caryotype — purpose?

Displays chromosome number and structure.

Mitosis vs meiosis — difference?

Mitosis: identical cells; meiosis: diverse gametes.

Genetic code — what?

Triplets (codons) specify amino acids.

Mutations — effect?

Heritable DNA sequence changes affecting traits.