Fundamentals of Chemical Bonding

📋 Course Outline

1. Ionic Bonding
2. Covalent Bonding
3. Metallic Bonding
4. Bonding Mechanisms
5. Bonding Theories
6. Bond Polarity
7. Properties of Ionic Compounds
8. Properties of Covalent Compounds
9. Properties of Metals
10. Real-World Applications

📖 1. Ionic Bonding

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Ionic Bond: A type of chemical bond formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, typically resulting from electron transfer between metals and nonmetals.

• Cation: A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses one or more electrons (e.g., Na⁺).

• Anion: A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains one or more electrons (e.g., Cl⁻).

• Electronegativity Difference: The difference in electronegativity values between two atoms; a difference greater than 1.7 generally indicates ionic bonding.

• Lattice Structure: The regular, repeating three-dimensional arrangement of ions in an ionic compound, maximizing electrostatic attraction.

• Ionic Compound: A compound composed of ions held together by ionic bonds, exhibiting high melting points, solubility in water, and electrical conductivity in molten or aqueous states.

📝 Essential Points

• Ionic bonds form when electrons are transferred from a metal (low electronegativity) to a nonmetal (high electronegativity), creating ions that attract each other electrostatically.