What was the economic purpose of English colonies?
To increase the British Empire’s power, influence, and wealth.
Which four groups comprised the main English colonies?
The Chesapeake Bay colonies, New England, the Middle Colonies, and the Carolinas and Georgia.
On what date was Jamestown established?
May 14, 1607.
How long did indentured servants work without wages?
Seven years.
What made Virginia tobacco a profitable cash crop in 1613?
John Rolfe developed a variety of tobacco that British consumers liked.
What legislative assembly did Jamestown establish in 1619?
The House of Burgesses, the New World’s first elected legislative assembly.
What did Puritans seek to purify within the Church of England?
The Church of England of Catholic influence.
Which colony did Separatists found after leaving the Church of England?
Plymouth.
When did the Mayflower leave England?
September 16, 1620.
What did the Mayflower Compact establish for male settlers?
Equal rights.
What principles did Roger Williams advocate concerning Indian land and religious freedom?
Negotiation before taking Indian land, separation of church and state, and freedom of religion.
In which year did Roger Williams found Providence after fleeing Massachusetts Bay?
1636.
What distinction did Rhode Island hold regarding religious freedom?
It was the first colony to establish freedom of religion.
Who founded Pennsylvania, and in which year?
William Penn founded it in 1682.
In what year did the British take New Netherland from the Dutch?
1664.
What did the British rename New Netherland in 1664?
New York, in honor of the Duke of York.
How did colonists often interpret life events?
As signs from God.
What belief contributed to witch hunts?
That witches allied with the Devil to cause harm.
When did the Salem witch trials begin, and what triggered them?
Early 1692, after four young girls behaved strangely and accused three people.
Who were the first three people accused in the Salem witch trials?
Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne.
How did colonists view America compared with people in Britain?
Colonists saw a land of opportunity; people in Britain saw economic enterprises and colonists as consumers of British goods.
What did Parliament begin doing to the colonies in 1763?
Imposing taxes without consulting them.
Why did the colonies lack representation in the British House of Commons?
They had no representatives there.
On what date did the Boston Massacre occur?
March 5, 1770.
On what date did colonists throw tea into the sea during the Boston Tea Party?
December 16, 1773.
What did the 1774 Intolerable Acts do to Boston Harbor?
They closed Boston Harbor.
Where and when did the First Continental Congress meet?
In Philadelphia, from September 5 to October 26, 1774.
How many delegates and colonies were represented at the First Continental Congress?
56 delegates from 12 colonies.
What did the First Continental Congress demand on October 26, 1774?
Repeal of the Intolerable Acts.
When did the Second Continental Congress appoint George Washington commander of the American army?
June 15, 1775.
Which author, work, and year are associated with the Declaration adopted July 4, 1776?
Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, 1776.
When did the Revolutionary War, also called the War of Independence, last?
From 1775 to 1783.
What did a royal charter allow settlers to establish in America?
A settlement under the control of the British Crown.
Which colonies formed the Chesapeake Bay group?
Virginia and Maryland.
In what year was Virginia established?
1607.
Which colonies were part of New England?
Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire.
Which colonies formed the Middle Colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania.
Which colonies belonged to the Carolinas and Georgia group?
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.
Who granted the Virginia Company of London its charter to establish a Virginia colony?
King James I.
What year did a relief expedition arrive at Jamestown?
1610.
Who did John Rolfe marry, and what name did she take after becoming Christian?
Pocahontas, who became known as Lady Rebecca.
What did historians say happened to Pocahontas before she married John Rolfe?
Jamestown colonists kidnapped her at age 17.
What did Puritans believe they were charged with establishing in the New World?
God’s kingdom.
What society did the Pilgrims seek to create?
A disciplined society based on biblical principles.
In which year did the Pilgrims celebrate their first harvest dinner?
1621.
Who made Thanksgiving a national holiday in 1863?
Abraham Lincoln.
How did Rhode Island acquire Indian land and define its government?
It paid Indians for their land and based government on the people's consent.
What did Quakers believe individuals could do through their inner light?
Communicate directly with God without clergy or hierarchy.
Who founded Georgia under a royal charter signed by King George II?
James Edward Oglethorpe.
When are the American Indian Wars dated, and what battle ended them?
1675 to 1890, ending with the Battle of Wounded Knee.
When did King Philip's War take place?
1675–1676.
What was the British nickname for the Indian chief Metacom?
King Philip.
How many people were arrested during the Salem crisis, beyond the initial accused?
More than 150 people, both men and women.
What happened to the 28 people convicted at Salem?
Five confessed and were released, two escaped, one was pardoned, and 20 were executed.
How were the 20 people executed at Salem put to death?
Nineteen were hanged, and one man was pressed to death under heavy stones.
What did King George's Proclamation of 1763 forbid?
Colonial settlements beyond the Appalachian Mountains.
Why did King George issue the Proclamation of 1763?
To calm Indigenous opposition to land seizure.
What did the Sugar Act of 1764 tax more heavily?
British products sold in the colonies, including sugar, coffee, and wine.
Who proposed the Sugar Act of 1764?
Prime Minister George Grenville.
Which groups organized resistance to the Stamp Act?
The Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty.
In which year did Parliament repeal the Stamp Act?
1766.
Which goods did the 1767 Townshend Act tax when imported to the colonies?
Glass, paper, paint, and tea.
How many British troops did Charles Townshend send to Boston in 1768?
4,000 troops.
Which event followed rising tensions after troops arrived in Boston?
The Boston Massacre.
What liberty-or-death declaration did Patrick Henry make in March 1775?
“Give me liberty or give me death.”
Which Patriot argued that taxation without representation is tyranny?
James Otis.
What did the First Continental Congress seek while remaining loyal to Britain?
To secure colonial rights without calling for independence.
How were colonists divided among Patriots, Loyalists, and neutrals?
About one third belonged to each group.
What helped George Washington maintain American soldiers’ morale?
The ideal of liberty.
Which side won the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775?
The British.
Who published Common Sense in 1776, and what was its publication year?
Thomas Paine published it in 1776.
Which battle became a turning point after the Patriots’ victory in October 1777?
The Battle of Saratoga.
When did France declare war against Great Britain?
July 1778.
Which four colonies were privately funded?
New Hampshire, Connecticut, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
When did the Salem witch trials last?
From February 1692 to May 1693.
How many people were convicted in the Salem witch trials?
30 people.
In what year was Maryland founded as a Catholic colony?
1634.
How did William Penn’s Pennsylvania elect its assembly?
The people elected it.
From whom did the Dutch buy Manhattan in 1626?
Indians.
What was the capital of New Netherland?
New Amsterdam.
What did the Stamp Act of 1765 require printed documents in America to use?
Stamped paper produced in Britain and bearing a tax stamp.
In which month and year did British forces attack the colonies?
April 1775.
How many Patriot casualties occurred at Lexington and Concord?
About 90.
Answer 35 questions on English Colonies and American Independence.
1. How did Manhattan become part of New Netherland?
2. What sequence describes Roger Williams’s founding of Rhode Island and its early charter?
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