📌 For Martinet, synthèmes are units resulting from derivation or composition and are distinct from monemes and syntagms.
André Martinet, founder of the functionalist school of syntax, distinguishes the moneme and the syntagm as two meaningful units and argues that the word is not a formalizable notion.
In Martinet’s analysis, hier contains one moneme, aim/able contains two monemes, and en voiture is a syntagm.
A moneme is minimal; a syntagm combines monemes.
1. In Martinet’s terminology, what is a moneme?
2. In an analysis using Martinet’s categories, a phrase consists of two monemes whose mutual relations are especially close. Which unit does the phrase exemplify?
3. A form can be spoken by itself, but each of its meaningful parts cannot be spoken alone as an independent meaningful form. How would Bloomfield classify the whole form?
What is a moneme according to Martinet?
The minimal unit with a meaningful function.
What is a syntagm according to Martinet?
A combination of at least two monemes with especially close mutual relations.
How does Bloomfield define a word?
A form utterable alone but not divisible into meaningful elements each utterable alone.
How does Bloomfield distinguish morphemes, syntagms, and words by form?
Morphemes are minimal forms, syntagms are free non-minimal forms, and words are free minimal forms.
What defines Coseriu’s repeated discourse?
Traditional fixed expressions whose elements cannot be replaced or recombined by current language rules.
How does Coseriu classify repeated discourse expressions?
By whether they can be substituted for phrases, syntagms, or words.
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