★ Must-know
The main contributing factors were:
Between 1760 and 1815, Britain experienced the first phase of mechanisation; after 1815, following the end of the Napoleonic Wars, industrial expansion became stronger, while the 1880s brought industrial recession.
Further detail
1. Who popularized the phrase “Industrial Revolution” in 1884 to describe the transformation of production through machines?
2. Which combination best explains why Britain experienced its first industrial revolution?
3. Which chronology best describes Britain’s first industrialisation phase and its later development?
Who popularized the phrase 'Industrial Revolution' in 1884?
Arnold Toynbee.
In which work was the term 'Industrial Revolution' popularized?
Lectures on the Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century in England.
What did the phrase 'Industrial Revolution' describe according to Toynbee?
The complete transformation of the means of production, especially manufacturing accelerated by machines.
What factors combined to cause Britain's first industrial revolution?
Population growth, agricultural output, raw materials, technological improvements, and capital from trade.
When did Britain experience its first phase of mechanisation?
Between 1760 and 1815.
What happened to British industry after 1815?
Industrial expansion became stronger following the Napoleonic Wars.
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