Who popularized the phrase 'Industrial Revolution' in 1884?
Arnold Toynbee.
In which work was the term 'Industrial Revolution' popularized?
Lectures on the Industrial Revolution of the Eighteenth Century in England.
What did the phrase 'Industrial Revolution' describe according to Toynbee?
The complete transformation of the means of production, especially manufacturing accelerated by machines.
What factors combined to cause Britain's first industrial revolution?
Population growth, agricultural output, raw materials, technological improvements, and capital from trade.
When did Britain experience its first phase of mechanisation?
Between 1760 and 1815.
What happened to British industry after 1815?
Industrial expansion became stronger following the Napoleonic Wars.
What industrial event occurred in Britain during the 1880s?
An industrial recession.
What nickname was given to the textile revolution period?
The age of Cotton.
Which two cities were central to the early textile revolution?
Lancashire and Manchester.
What was Manchester called in the 1820s during the textile revolution?
Cottonopolis.
Where were textile mills first located to use water power?
Near rivers.
What innovation allowed textile factories to be built in towns from the 1810s?
Steam engines.
Why did the cotton industry expand during the textile revolution?
Because of demand for cheap textiles in domestic and export markets.
From where was cotton easily available to expand the cotton industry?
English colonies, India, and former English colonies like the Southern States of the USA.
What helped the cotton industry grow besides demand and cotton availability?
New techniques.
What was the domestic system in production?
Families worked with machines in their cottages and were paid by piece or weight.
What defines the factory system of production?
Many wage labourers worked together on one site with centralized power, division of labour, supervision, and quality control.
Why did coal and iron industries seek to reduce smelting costs?
To produce good-quality pig iron more cheaply.
What major breakthrough combined steam engines with puddling and rolling?
Henry Cort’s 1794 industrial process in the iron industry.
Which author introduced the puddling and rolling process in 1794?
Henry Cort.
What iron products did Britain supply during 1830-1860?
Iron parts for war equipment, machines, railways, and boats including steamships.
What mainly drove British industrial expansion until the 1840s?
Cotton industry
Which industries increasingly supported Britain's economy after the 1840s?
Coal, iron, steel, engineering, and railway-related industries
In which year did the Great Exhibition symbolize British economic dominance?
1851
What did the Great Exhibition of 1851 publicize?
Britain’s industrial success throughout Europe and the Empire
Which region concentrated textile production during Britain's industrial growth?
Lancashire and Manchester
Where were shipyards located during Britain's industrial growth?
Near Liverpool
What change occurred to factory locations after steam power developed?
Factories moved from rivers into towns
What factors were associated with the industrial recession of the 1880s?
Obsolete manufacturing, newer faster machines, and use of petrol and gas.
What caused mass unemployment among handloom weavers around the 1810s?
The mechanisation of weaving.
How did railway network expansion affect British industrial demand?
It increased demand for coal, iron, and steel
What effect did industrialising nations have on British manufactures?
They increased demand for British manufactures
Who built the Crystal Palace for the 1851 World Exposition?
Joseph Paxton
What did the Crystal Palace symbolize at the 1851 World Exposition?
The successes of the Industrial Revolution and an engineering feat
Answer 15 questions on The British Industrial Revolution.
1. Who popularized the phrase “Industrial Revolution” in 1884 to describe the transformation of production through machines?
2. Which combination best explains why Britain experienced its first industrial revolution?
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