Flashcard: Basics of Genetics and Chromosomes — 12 carte

DNA — definition?

Genetic material carrying hereditary info.

Chromosomes — role?

Contain DNA and genes inside the nucleus.

Genes — function?

Determine inherited traits.

Chromosome number — humans?

46 chromosomes, 23 pairs.

Sex chromosomes — XY or XX?

XY for male, XX for female.

Trisomy 21 — meaning?

Extra chromosome in pair 21.

Inheritance — process?

Transfer of genetic traits from parents.

Chromosome contribution — parents?

Half from mother, half from father.

Mutation — effect?

Changes DNA, may produce new traits.

Alleles — definition?

Different versions of the same gene.

Eye color alleles — outcomes?

M+M=M, B+B=B, M+B=M.

Blood group alleles — outcomes?

A+A=A, B+B=B, O+O=O, A+B=AB, A+O=A, B+O=B.