Clinical Propedeut Revision Sheet

1. 📌

• Propedeutics involves systematic collection and interpretation of clinical data.
• Semiotecnia: gathering symptoms/signs; Semiología: interpreting them.
• Main exploration methods: inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.
• Objective signs are measurable; subjective signs are reported by the animal or owner.
• Heart sounds: S1 (closure of AV valves), S2 (semilunar valves), S3/S4 (pathological).
• Murmurs are classified as systolic, diastolic, or continuous.
• Pulses: arterial (palpable), venous (vibrations, not palpable).
• Abnormal respiratory patterns include dyspnea, tachypnea, apnea.
• Laboratory tests include hematology, biochemistry, serology.
• Imaging techniques: radiography, ultrasound, endoscopy, tomography.
• Recognizing artifacts in ultrasound (shadowing, reverberation) is crucial.
• ECG analysis detects arrhythmias and hypertrophy.
• Systemic signs: fever, behavioral changes; local signs: swelling, heat, pain.
• Approach animals calmly, slowly, and with habituation to reduce stress.
• Restraint methods: psychological, physical (ropes, belts), chemical (sedation).

2. 🧩 Key Structures & Components