Flashcards: Fundamentals of Eye Anatomy and Vision — 20 cards

Eye anatomy — key structures?

Sclera, choroid, cornea, lens, retina, vitreous humor.

Cornea — role?

Refracts incoming light to focus it.

Lens — function?

Adjusts shape for focusing via accommodation.

Retina — contains?

Photoreceptors: rods and cones.

Visual pathway — route?

Retina → optic nerve → chiasm → tract → visual cortex.

Common eye pathologies?

Cataracts, macular degeneration, strabismus, myopia, presbyopia.

Myopia — cause?

Longer axial length or steep cornea.

Presbyopia — feature?

Age-related loss of near focusing ability.

Strabismus — types?

Esotropia (inward), exotropia (outward).

Cataract — effect?

Lens opacification, blurred vision.

DMLA — stands for?

Dry age-related macular degeneration.

Cornea — refractive power?

Provides 70-80% of eye's focusing power.

Accommodation — mechanism?

Ciliary muscles change lens shape for focus.

Fovea — location?

Center of macula, sharpest vision.

Optic disc — also?

Blind spot, where optic nerve exits.

Photoreceptors — types?

Rods (light/dark), cones (color/detail).

Myopia — primary feature?

Difficulty seeing distant objects clearly.

Presbyopia — age?

Typically after age 40.

Strabismus — consequence?

Can cause amblyopia if untreated.

Cataracts — treatment?

Surgical removal, lens replacement.