Flashcards: Human Cell Structure and Function — 18 cards

Cell membrane — role?

Controls entry and maintains internal conditions.

Nucleus — function?

Stores genetic material and controls cell activities.

Nucleolus — role?

Produces ribosomal components for protein synthesis.

Ribosomes — function?

Translate mRNA into proteins.

Rough ER — role?

Synthesizes proteins with attached ribosomes.

Smooth ER — function?

Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances.

Golgi apparatus — role?

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids.

Lysosomes — function?

Digest damaged structures, food, and foreign objects.

Peroxisomes — role?

Detoxify using oxidases and hydrogen peroxide.

Mitochondria — function?

Generate ATP via cellular respiration.

Cristae — location?

Inner mitochondrial membrane folds.

ATP — role?

Primary energy currency of the cell.

Cytoskeleton — role?

Supports cell shape and internal organization.

Cell membrane — composition?

Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Endocytosis — process?

Internalizes external substances into vesicles.

Phagocytosis — what?

Engulfment of large particles or pathogens.

Juxtacrine signaling — range?

Requires direct contact between cells.

Endocrine signaling — medium?

Hormones travel via bloodstream to distant cells.