Understanding Diabetes: Types, Risks, and Management

📋 Course Outline

1. Diabetes Definition
2. Blood Glucose Levels
3. Type 1 and 2 Diabetes
4. Pre-Diabetes Criteria
5. Diabetes Complications
6. Insulin Physiology
7. Diabetes Management
8. Insulin Therapy
9. Glycemic Control Goals
10. Diabetes in Elderly

📖 1. Diabetes Definition

🔑 Key Concepts & Definitions

• Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, leading to disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism (Prise en charge du patient diabétique, 02/03/2026).
• Fasting blood glucose threshold for diabetes is ≥ 1.26 g/l (7 mmol/l), indicating impaired regulation of blood sugar levels (Prise en charge du patient diabétique, 02/03/2026).
• Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) involves measuring blood glucose 2 hours after ingesting 75 g of glucose; a level ≥ 2 g/l (11.1 mmol/l) confirms diabetes (Prise en charge du patient diabétique, 02/03/2026).
• Hyperglycemia refers to elevated blood glucose levels beyond normal ranges, which has significant clinical implications including risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications (Prise en charge du patient diabétique, 02/03/2026).
• Pre-diabetes is distinguished from diabetes by glycemic values that are elevated but below diabetic thresholds, specifically fasting glucose between 1.10 and 1.25 g/l (6.1–6.9 mmol/l) or 2-hour OGTT between 1.40 and 1.99 g/l (7.8–11 mmol/l)…