Which 1993 study describes school knowledge as relying on a formal, distanced relationship to language?
Bernard Lahire’s *Culture écrite et inégalités scolaires. Sociologie de « l’échec scolaire » à l’école primaire*.
What distinguishes orthodox from heterodox appropriation?
Orthodox appropriation follows accepted institutional rules; heterodox appropriation follows a different logic.
Which work on writing’s effects on thought does Bernard Lahire build on, and when was it cited?
Jack Goody, 1979.
Which source presents Terrail’s critique of sociocultural handicap at school?
Terrail Jean-Pierre, « Les enfants de milieux populaires souffrent d’un handicap socio-culturel à l’école », 2019.
What did Florence Eloy find about popular repertoires in school music curricula from 1938 to 2008?
Their inclusion did not end the school's formal, scriptural approach to music.
What do contemporary school expectations increasingly emphasize over memorization and recitation?
Reasoning, analysis, and abstraction.
What shift in textbook knowledge did Bautier, Bonnéry, and Kakpo’s 2015 research identify?
From explicitly stated facts toward more conceptual knowledge.
From the mid-1970s, what social inequalities did nursery school aim to compensate for?
Social inequalities.
What ability did the French high-school curriculum favor in the 1980s over knowledge of literary works and movements?
The ability to express oneself and communicate.
In which year were nursery-school teachers recognized as schoolteachers?
1990.
Answer 11 questions on Cultural Arbitrariness and Schooling.
1. Which account did Bernard Lahire give of school knowledge in his 1993 study?
2. Regarding school and practical relationships to language, which statements are accurate?
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