Flashcards: Object-Oriented Analysis and Design — 56 cards

What is a software process?

A set of activities transforming user requirements into a software system.

What are the main phases of software development?

Requirements identification, analysis, design, programming, testing, deployment, and maintenance.

What does analysis determine in software development?

What the system does.

What does design determine in software development?

How the system does it.

Why are analysis and design called the software's architectural blueprint?

Because coding without analysis makes maintenance, extension, and correction difficult.

How does the Waterfall model proceed through development phases?

Sequentially, completing each phase before the next begins.

What is the main approach of the Prototype model in development?

Rapidly building a prototype to clarify requirements.

What does the Spiral model combine during software development?

Iteration with risk analysis.

What limitation do traditional development models share?

They struggle with large systems whose requirements change frequently.

How does structured analysis decompose a system?

By functions and separating data from processing.

How does object-oriented analysis decompose a system?

Into objects that combine data and behavior.

Which diagrams do structured approaches commonly use?

BFD, DFD, and ERD.

Which diagrams do object-oriented approaches commonly use?

UML use-case, class, and interaction diagrams.

What three characteristics define an object?

State, behavior, and identity.

What represents an object's state?

Attributes.

What represents an object's behavior?

Methods.

What are the four core object-oriented properties?

Abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.

What does RUP stand for in software development?

Rational Unified Process.

What type of process is RUP described as?

An iterative and incremental process.

Which two main focuses characterize RUP?

Use-case-driven and architecture-centric.

What are the four phases of RUP?

Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition.

Name three workflows included in RUP.

Business modeling, requirements, and analysis and design.

Which other two workflows are part of RUP besides business modeling, requirements, and analysis and design?

Implementation and testing.

What does each RUP iteration produce?

A runnable increment of the software system.

What is UML standardized by?

OMG standardizes UML.

What three methods were unified to form UML?

Booch, OMT by Rumbaugh, and OOSE by Jacobson.

In which year did UML 1.0 appear?

UML 1.0 appeared in 1997.

What are the three UML building blocks?

Elements, relationships, and diagrams.

What supports the three UML building blocks?

Rules and common mechanisms support them.

What do UML diagrams represent?

Views of one model.

What do structural UML diagrams describe?

Static aspects of the model.

What do behavioral UML diagrams describe?

Dynamic aspects of the model.

What does a class describe in UML?

A set of objects sharing attributes, methods, relationships, and semantics.

What is a use case in UML?

A sequence of actions performed by the system producing a result for an actor.

Who or what is an actor in UML?

A user or external system interacting with the system.

What distinguishes aggregation from composition in UML?

Aggregation is weak and parts remain independent when the whole is destroyed.

What distinguishes composition from aggregation in UML?

Composition is strong and parts are destroyed with the whole.

What does UML multiplicity 1 mean?

Exactly one instance.

What does UML multiplicity 0..1 mean?

Zero or one instance.

What is the difference between generalization and realization in UML?

Generalization expresses is-a; realization expresses contract implementation.

Which primitive types are included in UML?

Integer, Boolean, String, Real, and UnlimitedNatural are UML primitive types.

What distinguishes an enumeration from a structured data type in UML?

An enumeration is a finite set of named values, while a structured data type combines other data types.

Name the UML collection types that represent multiple elements of the same type.

Set, Bag, Sequence, and OrderedSet are UML collection types.

Does UML define Date as a built-in primitive type?

No, Date is taken from a standard library, not built-in in UML.

What are the three principal UML extension mechanisms?

Stereotypes, tagged values, and constraints are the main UML extension mechanisms.

How many UML diagram types existed after UML 2.2?

There are 14 UML diagram types after UML 2.2.

Which diagrams are classified as structural UML diagrams?

Class, Object, Package, Component, Deployment, Composite Structure, and Profile diagrams are structural.

Name the behavioral UML diagrams.

Use Case, Activity, State Machine, Sequence, Communication, Timing, and Interaction Overview diagrams are behavioral.

What views does Kruchten's 4+1 model include?

Use-case, logical, process, implementation, and deployment views are included.

Which view guides the others in Kruchten's 4+1 model?

The use-case view guides the other views.

What functions does a CASE tool support?

Standardized diagram drawing, consistency checking, code generation, documentation generation, and reverse engineering.

Which company developed Rational Rose and with which process is it associated?

IBM Rational developed Rational Rose, associated with RUP.

What UML version does Visual Paradigm support and what edition is free for students?

Visual Paradigm supports UML 2.x and offers a free Community edition for students.

What are the basic steps in using a modeling tool?

Creating a project, creating a diagram, dragging elements, naming them, and saving or exporting.

Which system is used as a continuous case study in the course?

The university Library Management System.

What functionalities does the Library Management System case study cover?

Books, readers, borrowing and returning, searching, reports, and overdue processing.