Diabetes — definition?
Chronic hyperglycemia from insulin issues.
Blood glucose — normal range?
Less than 1.10 g/l fasting.
Type 1 vs 2 — difference?
Type 1: autoimmune, insulin deficiency; Type 2: resistance, insulin decline.
Pre-diabetes — criteria?
Fasting 1.10-1.25 g/l or OGTT 1.40-1.99 g/l.
Diabetes complications — types?
Microvascular and macrovascular damages.
Insulin — role?
Regulates glucose uptake and metabolism.
Diabetes management — focus?
Lifestyle, monitoring, individualized targets.
Insulin therapy — when?
Type 1, severe hyperglycemia, or failure of oral meds.
Glycemic goals — aim?
Fasting <1.10 g/l, postprandial <1.40 g/l.
Diabetes in elderly — impact?
Higher prevalence, comorbidities, polypharmacy.
Type 1 — key feature?
Autoimmune beta cell destruction.
Type 2 — key feature?
Insulin resistance, gradual beta cell decline.
Pre-diabetes — risk?
Progression to Type 2 diabetes.
Microvascular — examples?
Retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy.
Macrovascular — examples?
Coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral artery disease.
Insulin secretion — pattern?
Basal steady, bolus after meals.
Blood glucose — monitoring tools?
Capillary tests, CGM, HbA1c.
Insulin — types?
Basal (long-acting), bolus (rapid-acting).
Glycemic targets — in elderly?
Less strict, HbA1c up to 8-9%.
Diabetes in elderly — challenges?
Polypharmacy, comorbidities, altered physiology.
Pon a prueba tus conocimientos con 10 preguntas sobre Understanding Diabetes: Types, Risks, and Management.
1. What does diabetes mellitus primarily refer to?
2. What is the fasting blood glucose level threshold that confirms diabetes according to the provided criteria?
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