Flashcard: Alleles and Inherited Traits — 16 carte

What is an allele in genetics?

A version of a gene at a specific chromosome position.

How many alleles does an individual inherit for each gene?

Two alleles, one from each parent.

What do alleles determine in eye colour inheritance?

Which eye-colour trait an individual obtains.

When is an individual homozygous for a trait?

When the two alleles are the same.

When is an individual heterozygous for a trait?

When the two alleles are different.

What do homozygous and heterozygous describe about alleles?

Whether the two alleles for a trait are the same or different.

What is a dominant trait in genetics?

A trait visible with only one copy of an allele.

What defines a recessive trait?

A trait dominated by a dominant trait.

How are dominant traits represented in genetics?

By capital letters.

How are recessive traits represented in genetics?

By lowercase letters.

What is a genotype in genetics?

A combination of allelic symbols representing alleles for a trait.

What does phenotype refer to?

The physical expression of a trait or characteristic.

What does a Punnett square show about offspring genes?

All gene combinations offspring could inherit and their likelihood.

What is the first step in using a Punnett square?

Combine alleles inherited from both parents.

What does combining parental alleles determine in a Punnett square?

Possible gene combinations and their likelihood in offspring.

What genetic possibility does the course ask students to calculate?

The chance of a child having red hair from specific parental traits.