Which Christian and conservative European cooperation project did Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi launch in 1923?
Pan-Europa.
Which two countries emerged as the major superpowers after the Second World War?
The United States and the Soviet Union.
What three needs encouraged postwar European cooperation?
Economic reconstruction, lasting peace, and reconsideration of Europe’s balance of power.
What does protectionism mean in the context of European markets?
Government policies that restrict imports to protect national industries and prioritize national economic interests.
What is intergovernmental cooperation?
International collaboration in which national governments remain the main political actors.
How are decisions generally made in intergovernmental cooperation?
By consensus.
What does a customs union do to trade among members and with non-members?
It removes internal customs duties and trade barriers while applying a common external tariff.
When did the Benelux customs union take effect?
1948.
In which year was the OEEC created to coordinate European economic recovery?
1948.
How much American economic assistance did the Marshall Plan provide from 1948 to 1951?
Approximately $13 billion.
Answer 11 questions on Origins of European Integration.
1. What was the central purpose of Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi’s Pan-Europa project, launched in 1923?
2. What practical weakness did interwar proposals for European unity share?
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