What does ethics study in relation to human actions?
How human persons should act and whether actions are right or wrong.
What does descriptive ethics describe?
The health and illness values of cultural, religious, and social groups.
What is the focus of normative ethics?
Identifying right and wrong actions.
What does analytical ethics examine?
The meaning and reasons behind moral terms and judgments.
What issues does bioethics concern?
Ethical issues involving life, biomedical research, medicines, healthcare, and the medical profession.
What guides nurses in professional practice according to nursing ethics?
Moral principles, standards, and values.
What do morals represent?
Personal guiding principles about right and wrong.
From which Latin word do morals derive and what does it mean?
From "mos," meaning custom, habit, or manner of behavior.
What distinguishes a human act from an act of a human?
A human act involves reasoning and moral agency, unlike acts without conscious awareness.
What are the three elements of a human act?
Knowledge, freedom, and voluntariness.
What determines a human act?
Its object, the agent’s motive or volition, and its circumstances.
What is the common good?
A sustainable society where burdens and benefits function together.
What is a code of ethics in a professional group?
A formal statement of ideas and values setting standards and guidelines for actions.
In which year was the first official ANA Code of Ethics issued?
1950
What is the Philippine Code of Ethics for Nurses based on?
The Code of Good Governance for Professions in the Philippines.
Name one responsibility area in the Code of Ethics for Nurses.
Promotion of health.
Under R.A. 9173, who must create and issue a Code of Ethics for nurses?
The Board of Nursing with the accredited professional organization of nurses.
Within what time frame must the Code of Ethics be issued after R.A. 9173 took effect?
Within one year after the law took effect.
What must nurses respect according to the Code of Ethics?
People’s values, customs, spiritual beliefs, freedom, and confidentiality.
What professional qualities must nurses maintain according to the Code of Ethics?
Professional loyalty, integrity, and continuing learning.
What is conscience based on in judging right or wrong?
Knowledge and values.
Which types of conscience are recognized in the seven types?
Correct, erroneous, certain, doubtful, lax, scrupulous, and delicate.
What triggers moral distress in a nurse?
Knowing the correct action but being prevented from acting.
What is the first action in responding to moral distress?
Ask why the person is distressed.
What is the second action in responding to moral distress?
Affirm the concern with others.
What is the third action in responding to moral distress?
Assess its source and severity.
What is the final action in responding to moral distress?
Act toward the desired change.
What is moral resilience?
The capacity to sustain or restore personal integrity amid moral challenges.
How do teleological theories judge an action's morality?
By its consequences.
How do deontological theories judge morality?
By the nature of the action and its duty.
What does virtue ethics define as the Golden Mean?
A virtue as a mean between deficiency and excess vices.
What is casuistry in moral reasoning?
A case-based method analyzing concrete cases to resolve dilemmas.
Who developed the seven-step moral reasoning model?
Scott B. Rae.
What is the first step in Scott B. Rae's moral reasoning model?
Gathering facts.
What does Scott B. Rae's model do after listing alternatives?
Compares alternatives with relevant virtues or principles.
What is the final step in Scott B. Rae's seven-step moral reasoning model?
Making a decision.
What is the definition of law according to St. Thomas Aquinas?
An ordinance of reason made by proper authority and directed toward the common good.
What does civil law govern?
Private rights and obligations.
What does criminal law define?
Major crimes.
What does administrative law regulate?
The organization and functioning of government agencies.
What are the five elements of law?
It is an ordinance, reasonable, promulgated, enacted by legitimate authority, and directed toward the common good.
What distinguishes legal obligations from moral obligations?
Legal obligations are enforceable under law, moral obligations are not.
What does the social media model consider ethical?
A decision that can withstand public scrutiny.
What is informed consent in patient care?
The patient's right to an honest, understandable explanation of a procedure.
What are the four major elements of informed consent?
Competence, disclosure, comprehension, and voluntariness.
How can patient consent be given?
Written via signed form or verbal after physician explanation.
What can a legally capable patient do regarding treatment?
Refuse diagnostic or medical treatment.
What happens to healthcare providers if a patient refuses treatment?
They are released from responsibility for resulting consequences.
Name one right patients have regarding their care.
Right to quality humane care without discrimination.
What right do patients have about their privacy?
Right to privacy and confidentiality.
What right do patients have about leaving medical care?
Right to leave against medical advice after being informed of consequences.
What information can patients request after confinement?
Patients can request information about their disease, treatment, care, medication, bill, treatment summary, and medical certificate.
What factors justify reasonable restrictions on hospital correspondence and visitors?
Infection risk, age like being very young, specific items, location, and visiting time justify restrictions.
What are patients expected to do regarding their rights and health information?
Patients must exercise rights responsibly, report symptoms, ask questions, understand consent, provide accurate info, follow rules, communicate transparently, and maintain wellness.
What must a patient leaving against medical advice be informed about?
They must be informed of the consequences of leaving against medical advice.
What must a patient leaving against medical advice do regarding the healthcare institution?
They must release the healthcare institution from obligation.
What must be ensured when a patient leaves against medical advice?
The decision must not affect public health and safety.
Test your knowledge with 27 questions on Health Care Ethics.
1. Regarding the foundations of ethics and morals, which statements are correct?
2. Concerning the branches of ethics, select the accurate statements:
Review the complete course in the study sheet for Health Care Ethics.
See study sheet →Import your course and AI generates flashcards in 30 seconds.
Flashcard generator