Which therapies are included in alternative medicine?
Acupuncture, homeopathy, massage, phytotherapy, and spiritual therapy.
Which therapies are included in complementary medicine?
Tai chi, pharmacotherapy, massage, breathing techniques, and yoga.
What are the modern concepts of acupuncture?
Neurogenic, humoral, meridian-and-collateral, Yin-Yang, and bioenergetic-field concepts.
What indications does WHO list for acupuncture?
Acute and chronic pain, functional disorders, prevention of recurrence, rehabilitation, and terminal disease treatment.
How can acupuncture optimize pharmacotherapy?
By reducing drug doses and adverse effects.
Can acupuncture be used as monotherapy?
Yes, acupuncture may be used as monotherapy.
What reactions comprise the neuroreflex mechanism of acupuncture?
Local, segmental, and general reactions.
What components are found in a biologically active zone?
Nerve endings, a microcirculatory bed, and connective-tissue cells including macrophages, mast cells, and lymphocytes.
Which substances initiate the humoral mechanism of acupuncture?
Physiologically active substances like serotonin, dopamine, interferon, corticosteroids, insulin, and prostaglandins.
How is the distal phalanx of the thumb defined in cun measurements?
It equals 1 cun.
How many cun equal two fingers in individual cun measurements?
1.5 cun.
How many cun equal three fingers in individual cun measurements?
2 cun.
How many cun equal four fingers in individual cun measurements?
3 cun.
Where is GI4 Hegu located on the hand?
Between the first and second metacarpals near the radial border of the midpoint of the second metacarpal.
Where is VG20 Baihui located on the head?
On the midline, 5 cun above the frontal hairline and halfway along the line joining the tops of the ears.
How is E36 Zusanli positioned relative to the patella?
3 cun below the lower border of the patella and one finger-width lateral to the tibial crest.
Where on the sole is R1 Yongquan located?
At the boundary between the anterior third and posterior two-thirds in the depression formed when toes are flexed.
What qualities are associated with Yang in traditional theory?
Movement, excitation, heat, external aspects, and the back.
Which organ corresponds to Wood in the Five Elements theory?
The Liver.
What is the order of the five-element stimulation cycle starting from Fire?
Fire → Earth → Metal → Water → Wood.
At what time does the Lung meridian activity period occur?
03:00–05:00.
What are the characteristics of auriculotherapy?
It is simple to diagnose and perform, physiological and regulatory, and regulates physiological homeostasis.
Which auriculotherapy methods injure the skin?
Filiform-needle acupuncture, press-needle acupuncture, and bleeding from auriculoacupoints.
Which auriculotherapy methods do not injure the skin?
Plant seeds, a probe, digital pressure or massage, and irritating plasters.
What is homeopathy in terms of treatment method?
A method using attenuated remedies that mimic patient symptoms in healthy persons.
Which principle states remedies must be similar to the patient's symptoms?
The law of similarity.
What are the main schools of homeopathy?
Classical or unicist, pluralist, and complexist homeopathy.
In which conditions is homeopathic treatment limited or slower?
Severe organic disease, surgical emergencies, and rapid pain suppression.
What are the main stages in preparing homeopathic remedies?
Dilution, trituration, and succussion.
What does a 30CH potency represent in homeopathy?
Thirty cycles of 1:100 dilution with succussion at each step.
What steps are included in general homeopathic remedy preparation?
Dilution, succussion, filtration, and boiling.
When is trituration used in homeopathic preparation?
When the starting substance is insoluble.
What dilution ratio does the Hahnemannian method use?
1:100 dilution ratio.
How does the Korsakov method differ in container use?
It uses one container for successive dilutions with solution remaining on its walls.
What dilution ratio does the centesimal scale use at each stage?
1:100 dilution ratio.
What dilution ratio does the decimal scale use at each stage?
1:10 dilution ratio.
What is repertorization in homeopathy?
Analysis of patient's symptoms using a repertory to find remedies.
What does the homeopathic repertory classify?
Symptoms and remedies.
What does materia medica describe?
Remedies and the symptoms they produce including proving and clinical data.
What is the principle of similitude in remedy selection?
Choosing a remedy that produces symptoms similar to the patient's.
What is the purpose of a proving in homeopathy?
To observe symptoms produced in healthy volunteers by a remedy.
What are general indications for phytotherapy?
Chronic diseases, torpid diseases, and recovery periods.
Which acute conditions are not general indications for phytotherapy?
Acute hypertensive crises and acute asthma.
When does phytotherapeutic treatment begin?
After a complete diagnosis.
Name three internal pharmaceutical forms in phytotherapy.
Infusions, decoctions, and cold macerations.
What is the decoction dose for children aged 1–5 years compared to adults?
One-third to one-quarter of the adult dose.
What characterizes Chinese medicinal plants in traditional medicine?
Five tastes, four Qi, directions of action, and meridian tropism.
What are the four characters of Chinese medicinal plants?
Cold, cool, warm, and hot.
What action does the salty taste have in Chinese medicinal plants?
It softens hard masses and indurations.
What actions are associated with the sweet taste in Chinese medicinal plants?
Strengthens, relaxes spasms, and stops pain.
On what basis is diagnosis made in Chinese phytotherapy?
Based on syndromes considering humans as part of the universe and environment.
Which plant reduces nasal congestion?
Arctium lappa
Which plant did Dioscorides recommend for pulmonary disorders?
Verbascum thapsus
Which plant inhibits de novo cholesterol synthesis in hepatic tissue?
Cynara scolymus
Which plant is indicated for elevated blood glucose?
Momordica charantia
What is Gemotherapy?
A branch of phytotherapy using extracts from young embryonic plant tissues
When should roots, bulbs, rhizomes, and tubers be collected?
In late autumn after aerial parts wither or early spring before new growth
What are relative contraindications to acupuncture?
Severe exhaustion, prolonged fasting, violent geomagnetic storms, physician-patient incompatibility, and jet lag.
What connections do biologically active zones establish?
Somato-somatic, somato-visceral, and viscero-somatic connections.
For which conditions is R1 Yongquan stimulated?
Shock, fainting, psychoemotional disorders, foot disorders, scapulohumeral pain, and chronic pancreatitis.
What are the indications for MC6 Neiguan stimulation?
Stopping nausea, relieving stress, and motion sickness.
Which sensory organ is linked to the Heart?
The tongue.
Which nerves innervate the anterior auricle?
The trigeminal nerve (V) and vagus nerve (X).
Which arteries vascularize the anterior auricle?
Branches including the superficial temporal and posterior auricular arteries.
What therapies are included in auriculotherapy as a microsystem approach?
Auricular acupuncture, manopuncture, podopuncture, and scalp therapy.
What is the purpose of massaging the antihelix and scaphoid fossa called “A long-lived person rising in the mountains”?
To strengthen bones and joints and harmonize the vertebral column.
From when can homeopathic remedies be administered?
From the first day of life.
How does the Hahnemann dilution method differ from the Korsakoff method?
Hahnemann uses successive dilutions with succussion; Korsakoff uses one container with residual solution.
What is the mother tincture in homeopathy?
The initial concentrated extract for preparing potencies.
Which symptoms have priority in repertorization?
Mental symptoms over physical symptoms.
Name one important feature in symptom analysis.
Modalities.
Give another important feature in symptom analysis besides modalities.
Characteristic unusual symptoms.
What is the main academic classification of medicinal plants based on?
Their predominant biologically active substances.
How can essential oils be applied in aromatherapy?
Directly on skin, in baths, by massage, inhalation, or in food.
What is the recommended essential oil quantity for aromadiffusion per 5 m²?
One drop of essential oil.
Which types of processing can Chinese medicinal plants undergo?
Chemical, hydric, thermal, or mixed thermal-and-hydric processing.
How is the Chinese decoction prepared traditionally?
In ceramic vessels boiled two to three times.
What is the average dose of minerals and crustaceans in Chinese medicine?
10–30 grams.
Which plant is indicated for excessive sweating?
Salvia officinalis
Which plants are used for menopause symptoms?
Angelica sinensis, Salvia, hawthorn, and Leonurus cardiaca
Answer 39 questions on Homeopathy and Phytotherapy.
1. Which concept explains acupuncture primarily through neural mechanisms?
2. Which clinical situation falls within the World Health Organization indications for acupuncture?
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