What are the six components of the chain of infection?
Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.
How should laboratory personnel wash their hands when visibly soiled versus not visibly soiled?
Use soap and water when visibly soiled, and alcohol-based hand rub when not visibly soiled.
What is the nephron’s role in the kidney?
It is the kidney’s basic structural and functional unit.
How many nephrons does each kidney contain approximately?
Approximately 1 to 1.5 million.
What do clearance tests evaluate in renal function testing?
Glomerular filtration.
What is the most commonly used clearance marker?
Creatinine.
Which specimen is preferred for routine urinalysis and pregnancy testing?
A concentrated, acidic first-morning specimen.
What are the water and solids proportions of normal urine?
Normal urine is 95–97% water and 3–5% solids.
What is the normal 24-hour urine volume range?
600–2,000 mL.
What is a midstream clean-catch specimen used for?
Routine screening and bacterial culture.
Answer 10 questions on Urinalysis and Body Fluid Analysis.
1. The RACE fire-response sequence includes:
2. What is the nephron’s role and basic composition?
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