What is a city-state (Cité)?
A territory with a city and surrounding countryside governed by a public authority.
What political system defines democracy?
Citizens hold power in democracy.
Who holds power in an empire?
A single man, the emperor, holds power in an empire.
What type of political system did Athens have?
Athens had a democracy.
From when did Athens extend its influence over other Greek cities?
From the 5th century BC.
When was the Roman Empire founded?
In 27 BC.
How did the Roman Empire spread its influence?
Through military conquests, cultural exchange, and diffusion of Christianity.
When was Athens founded and what was the initial political role of its people?
Athens was founded around 700 BC with no initial political role for its people.
Who reformed the Athenian political system in the 5th century BC?
Cleisthenes reformed the Athenian political system in the 5th century BC.
What political system did Cleisthenes establish among Athenian citizens?
He established democracy and political equality among citizens.
Where did Athenian citizens vote on laws?
In the Ecclesia.
How could Athenian citizens be chosen for the Boulè?
They could be chosen by lot.
Who were considered Athenian citizens?
Free men over 18 who were sons of citizens, regardless of wealth.
Which groups were excluded from political participation in Athenian democracy?
Non-citizens including women, children, slaves, and foreigners.
What was a magistrate in Athens?
An elected citizen who exercised command functions.
Which battle did Athenian hoplites win in 490 BC?
The Battle of Marathon.
Which naval battle did Athens win in 480 BC?
The naval battle of Salamis.
When was the Delos League created by Athens?
In 478 BC.
What was the purpose of the tribute paid to the Delos League?
To prepare for a possible Persian return.
Where did Athens transfer the Delos League treasury?
To the Acropolis.
What empire did Athens establish after strengthening Delos League control?
A commercial empire.
What is a thalassocracy?
A political power based on domination of the sea.
When did Pericles serve as a strategist in Athens?
From 443 to 429 BC.
What was the purpose of the misthos in Athens?
To pay citizens holding public office so poorer citizens could participate politically.
What citizenship restriction did Pericles impose in 451 BC?
Citizenship was limited to men with a citizen father and a mother who was a citizen’s daughter.
How did Pericles' citizenship law affect the number of citizens?
It reduced the number from 40,000 to 22,000.
What military improvements did Pericles make to Athens?
He rebuilt the city and completed its fortifications.
What construction projects did Pericles undertake on the Acropolis?
He built temples dedicated to Athena.
What was the effect of Pericles' temple constructions on Athens?
They helped Athens radiate its influence across the Mediterranean.
When did Athens fight Sparta in the Peloponnesian War?
From 431 to 404 BC.
What happened to Athens in 404 BC during the Peloponnesian War?
Athens was defeated and part of the city was destroyed.
What political change did Sparta impose on Athens in 404 BC?
Sparta replaced Athenian democracy with an oligarchy.
When was Athenian democracy restored after its fall?
In 403 BC.
What prevented Athens from financing democracy after 403 BC?
The abolition of the Delos League.
What is an oligarchy?
A political system where a small group of the wealthiest hold power.
What threat did Macedon pose in the mid-4th century BC?
Macedon threatened the independence of Greek city-states.
When was Athenian democracy permanently abolished by Macedon?
In 322 BC.
Test your knowledge with 20 questions on Greek Influence in Ancient Mediterranean.
1. What is a city-state?
2. Which political system gives governing power to citizens?
Review the complete course in the study sheet for Greek Influence in Ancient Mediterranean.
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