What is the source and use of colchicum drug?
A small, hard, dark-brown globular part of a colchicaceous plant, used as an antigout agent and source of colchicine.
What shape and color characterize fenugreek drug?
Small, quadrangular, grey-yellow, and grooved.
What medicinal properties does fenugreek have?
It is anabolic, stimulant, and hypoglycemic.
What medicinal properties does cultivated flax have?
It is anti-inflammatory, laxative, and emollient.
What fruit forms Chinese star anise (Illicium verum)?
A hard, rough, reddish-brown, dehiscent dry fruit of star-shaped follicles with oval brown seeds.
What therapeutic actions are attributed to Chinese star anise (Illicium verum)?
It is stomachic, carminative, eupeptic, and used as a condiment.
What therapeutic actions are attributed to green anise (Pimpinella anisum)?
It is antispasmodic, galactagogue, carminative, eupeptic, and used as a condiment.
What therapeutic effects are attributed to khella (Ammi visnaga)?
It is bronchodilator, spasmolytic, and coronary vasodilator.
How does Ceylon cinnamon’s outer surface differ from Chinese cinnamon’s?
Ceylon cinnamon has a smooth outer face; Chinese cinnamon has a poorly scraped outer face.
How does Ceylon cinnamon’s color differ from Chinese cinnamon’s?
Ceylon cinnamon is light brown; Chinese cinnamon is darker reddish-brown, especially inside.
What therapeutic effects are attributed to cascara (Rhamnus purshiana)?
It is laxative and purgative.
What are the surfaces of red cinchona bark fragments like?
The outer surface is transversely striated and suber-bearing, while the inner surface is yellow or red.
What are the medicinal effects of red cinchona?
It is antimalarial, antipyretic, and a bitter tonic.
What are the identifying features of Chinese ephedra stems?
They are yellow-green with fine longitudinal striations, black swellings between branches, and scale-like leaves.
What are the uses of Chinese ephedra?
It is antiasthmatic, lipolytic, a nasal decongestant, and used in resuscitation and blood-pressure regulation.
What does liquorice root look like, and what is inside its rhizome?
It is a dark cylindrical stick with a yellow interior; its rhizome has central pith.
What does Butcher’s broom rhizome look like when broken?
It is very fibrous, with thinner roots.
What are the medicinal actions of Butcher’s broom rhizome?
It is diuretic, anti-haemorrhoidal, anti-oedematous, vasoconstrictive, and anti-inflammatory.
What floral structures characterize hawthorn flowering tops?
Corymbs with five short triangular sepals and five white petals.
What are the medicinal actions of hawthorn flowering tops?
They are coronary vasodilatory, cardiotonic, antispasmodic, and sedative.
What medicinal effects are attributed to Roman chamomile?
It is cholagogic, emmenagogic, anti-inflammatory, and stomachic.
What leaf shape and color characterize red vine (Vitis vinifera)?
Its brittle leaves are red-purple and palmately lobed.
What medicinal action does red vine provide through vitamin P?
Angioprotection.
Which medicinal effects are attributed to official sage (Salvia officinalis)?
It is antisudoral, hypoglycemic, choleretic, cholagogue, emmenagogue, and depurative.
What culinary use does official sage (Salvia officinalis) have?
It is used as a condiment.
Which toxic compound do oleander (Nerium oleander) leaves contain?
Oleandrin.
What leaf shape and attachment characterize belladonna (Atropa belladonna)?
Petiolate, dark-green leaves with a thin, acuminate blade, often crumpled and rolled.
Through which compound is belladonna (Atropa belladonna) parasympatholytic?
Atropine.
What surface features distinguish the upper and lower sides of purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) leaves?
The upper surface is grey-green and prominent; the lower surface is very hairy, whitish-green, and has raised veins.
What are the medicinal effects of purple foxglove (Digitalis purpurea)?
It is diuretic and cardiotonic.
What does senna (Senna alexandrina) drug consist of, and what do its fruits look like?
The drug consists of leaflets, and its fruits are brownish pods.
Which parts of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) are used as the drug?
Leaves and flowering tops.
What six actions are attributed to rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)?
It is stimulant, cholagogue, hepatoprotective, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective.
What is aloe’s appearance and botanical source?
A dark-brown, greenish-reflecting mass of thickened leaf juice from *Aloe ferox*.
How does aloe’s effect vary with dose?
Low doses are weakly cholagogue; high doses are laxative and purgative.
What causes the oak gall of Quercus infectoria?
The gall wasp’s sting and egg-laying.
What shape, color, and surface characterize oak gall?
A hard, spherical, grey-brown mass with a spiny surface.
Which properties does oak gall have?
Astringent, haemostatic, and antiseptic.
Where does Arabic gum exude from, and what form does it take?
It exudes from branches as rounded blond or reddish tears.
Which properties and use characterize Arabic gum?
It is emollient, antitussive, emulsifying, and an excipient for solid dosage forms.
What properties and compound characterize tonka bean?
It is anticoagulant and yields coumarin.
What appearance and constituent characterize horse chestnut seed?
It is dark brown, has globular and flattened parts, a whitish hilum, and yields aescin.
What medicinal properties does horse chestnut have?
It is anti-inflammatory and anti-oedematous.
What structure and properties characterize kola nut?
It has two cotyledons and stimulant and antidepressant properties.
What therapeutic actions are attributed to nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)?
It is carminative and stimulant.
What is the fruit of milk thistle (Silybum marianum)?
A dry, indehiscent, black achene mottled yellow and slightly wrinkled.
What are the fruit characteristics of coriander (Coriandrum sativum)?
Its diakenes are hard, brittle, light-brown, spherical, and have adherent mericarps.
What therapeutic actions are attributed to coriander (Coriandrum sativum)?
It is stimulant, carminative, eupeptic, and used as a condiment.
What are the fruit characteristics of sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)?
Its diakenes are large, slightly curved, glabrous, grooved, and pale green to yellow.
What fruit appearance distinguishes caraway (Carum carvi)?
Its small, elongated, slightly curved brown diakenes have a long pedicel.
What therapeutic effects are attributed to cumin (Cuminum cyminum)?
It is galactagogue and emmenagogue.
What marks the outer surface of bourdaine (Rhamnus frangula) bark?
It is dark brown and wrinkled, with white transverse lenticels.
What therapeutic effects are attributed to bourdaine (Rhamnus frangula)?
It is laxative and purgative.
What does Fucus vesiculosus consist of?
A dried fucoid thallus of olive-brown foliar blade fragments with globular floats.
What are the effects of Fucus vesiculosus?
It stimulates blood circulation and is depurative and laxative.
What shape characterizes the branches of ginseng (Panax ginseng)?
They are human-shaped.
What color is the break in turmeric fragments?
Orange-yellow.
What are the medicinal actions of turmeric?
It is cholagogue, choleretic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory.
What floral structures characterize official lavender flowering tops?
Small violet flowers with a grey-blue veined tubular calyx and a weakly bilabiate corolla.
What are the medicinal actions of official lavender flowering tops?
They are calming, analgesic, anxiolytic, antiseptic, hypotensive, and antispasmodic.
What medicinal actions are attributed to mallow flowers?
They are laxative, anti-inflammatory, and emollient.
What structure does a mallow flower have besides five blue-violet petals?
Three free, oblong epicalyx segments.
What medicinal actions are attributed to centaury flowering tops?
They are stomachic, choleretic, laxative, aperitif, depurative, and anthelmintic.
What floral arrangement characterizes centaury flowering tops?
Shortly pedicellate flowers in biparous cymes.
What does the linden medicinal drug consist of?
Inflorescences and their bracts.
What does the poppy medicinal drug consist of?
Petals.
Which parts of clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) constitute the drug?
The flower buds.
What shape and color characterize Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) leaves?
They are pale green, fan-shaped, bilobed, and turn yellow.
What medicinal effects are attributed to lemon verbena leaves?
They are stomachic, eupeptic, antispasmodic, mildly sedative, and febrifuge.
What surface feature characterizes Boldo leaves?
Their upper surface is blistered and bears many small protuberances.
What inflorescence fragments may accompany white henbane (Hyoscyamus albus) drug?
Scorpioid inflorescence fragments with very hairy, veined, bell-shaped calyces.
What effects does white henbane (Hyoscyamus albus) have?
It is narcotic, analgesic, sedative to the central nervous system, and parasympatholytic.
Which leaf feature and plant structure characterize datura (Datura stramonium)?
Dark-green leaves asymmetrical at the base, associated with a spiny capsule.
What pharmacological effects does datura (Datura stramonium) have?
It is a central nervous system sedative and parasympatholytic.
What are the leaf appearance and storage-color change of henna (Lawsonia inermis)?
Its small, fragile, glabrous leaves are light green when fresh and reddish-brown during storage.
Which medicinal properties are attributed to henna (Lawsonia inermis)?
It is emmenagogue, anti-infective, antiulcer, astringent, dyeing, and vulnerary.
What are the leaf shape and blade texture and color of globularia (Globularia alypum)?
Its spatulate leaves have leathery grey-green blades.
Which medicinal properties are attributed to globularia (Globularia alypum)?
It is purgative and diuretic.
What leaf and fruit forms characterize common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)?
It has compound leaves and flattened samara fruits.
Which medicinal properties are attributed to common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)?
It is diuretic, laxative, and antirheumatic.
What are the forms and colors of sea squill drug’s bulb scales?
Flattened, curved, horn-like strips that are reddish-brown or yellowish-white.
Which five properties or uses are attributed to common thyme (Thymus vulgaris)?
It is antiseptic, antispasmodic, eupeptic, choleretic, and used as a condiment.
Which five properties are attributed to white horehound (Marrubium vulgare)?
It is antipyretic, cholagogue, anti-infective, depurative, and a cardiac sedative.
Which three properties are attributed to eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus)?
It is a respiratory antiseptic, hypoglycemic, and balsamic drug.
What is the appearance and botanical source of Peru balsam?
A thick, dark-brown liquid oleoresin from *Myroxylon pereirae*.
Which four effects are attributed to Peru balsam?
It is antiseptic, cicatrizant, antipruritic, and parasiticidal.
How is frankincense resin obtained?
By incising the trunk of *Boswellia carterri*, also called *Boswellia sacra*.
What forms do frankincense tears take, and what colors are they?
Irregular globular or ovoid tears, pale-yellow to yellow-reddish.
Which effects are attributed to frankincense?
It is antiseptic, stimulant, and anti-inflammatory.
Where does Astragalus gummifer tragacanth exude from, and what form does it take?
It exudes from trunks as flattened, fan-shaped, yellowish-white pieces.
Answer 27 questions on Medicinal Plants and Their Drugs.
1. Which medicinal role is associated with the small, hard, dark-brown globular part of the colchicaceous colchicum plant?
2. A small, quadrangular, grey-yellow seed with grooves is identified as fenugreek; which set of effects is associated with it?
Go over the full study guide for Medicinal Plants and Their Drugs.
Read the study guide →Upload your class notes and Revizly writes your flashcards in about a minute.
Flashcard maker